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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 







MASSACHUSETTS 



AN INDUSTRIAL 



AND 



COMMERCIAL CENTER 



I'll d.isi IK J ) BY THK BdAKI ) OK TRADE 






HAVERHILL MASSACHUS1 I rs 

1 889 

CHASE i -km > i i i i . iv^ 



Copyright, 1889, by the Haverhill Board of Trade. 



CONTENTS. 



Preface --------- «j 

Organization of the Board of Trade - 7 

Historic Haverhill ----- 15 

Within and Without - 45 
Schools - - - - - - - -59 

Organized Activity - - - - - 91 

Shoes and Shoemaking - - - - 129 

Various Things - - - - - [55 

A Place to Live In - - - - - 181 

Prominent Business Interests - - [95 



Preface. 



This book has been prepared by the Committee on 
Statistics and Information of the Board of Trade of 
Haverhill in obedience to instructions from the Board. 

They have meant to indulge little in reminiscence, 
but it has been their aim to present such a picture of 
the present Haverhill as not only to remind its own citi- 
zens of what easily slips the memory of the most loyal, 
but also to give the stranger an adequate conception of 
its claims to rank among the chief industrial cities of the 
country; oi its origin, its progress, and its yet undevel- 
oped possibilities; of its success, its natural beauty, its 
hospitality, its energy, its organic life. 

It has been their endeavor to state only what are 
conceded to be tacts, in the belief that the recital of the 
tacts alone invites to Haverhill the capitalist, the manu- 
facturer, the tradesman, and the artisan, the man of 
means looking for a reasonable investment, the man of 
family in quest of a home, the man of leisure in search 
of a refined society, the parent solicitous tor the welfare 
of his children. 

To these, this imperfect sketch of Haverhill and its 
industries, imperfeel because done by the busy residents 
of a busy city, is presented, [fit shall do no more than 
create a closer acquaintanceship between these and the 
citizens of Haverhill, it will have served a worthv end. 



HAVEKHILL 



BOARD OF TRADE. 



Pursuant to a call for a meeting of business men and 
citizens of Haverhill to consider the propriety of the 
formation of a Board of Trade, about fifty gentlemen 
met in the office of George A. Hall, Esq., Academy of 
Music. March 30, 1888. and organized by the choice of 
II. E. Bartlett, chairman, and E.G. Frothingham, secre- 
tary. A committee was appointed to nominate a list of 
officers for permanent organization and to prepare a 
constitution and by-laws, which committee met at an 
adjourned meeting at No. 40 Daggett's Building. April 
2, and voted to recommend for adoption a constitution 
and by-laws, and nominated a list of officers, all of 
which action was accepted and confirmed at the first 
regular meeting of the Board, held at the Police Court 
Room, April 1 1, 1888. 



HAVERHILL, MASS U ill siCTTS. 

President, THOMAS SANDERS. 

VICE PRESIDENTS. 

Levi Taylor, Charles S. Kendrick, 

fames II. Carleton, George Thayer, 

George A Kunball, F. E. Watson, 

I H. Swett, George O. Willey, 

John B. Nichols, George (). Hoyt, 

Daniel Fitts, H. B. Goodrich, 

John L. Hobson, J. H. Sayward, 

A. W. Downing, George C. Mow, 

John E. Gale. E, O. Bullock, 

Daniel Goodrich, E. H. Howes, 

Gyles Merrill, J. C. Hardy, 

Warren Hoyt, F. G. Richards, 

A. A. Hill, W. 11. Smiley, 
George 11. Carleton, George A. Greene, 
Dudley Porter, S. P. Gardner, 

B. F. Brickett, C. P. Messer, 

B. F. Leighton, J. J. Winn, 
[ames O'Doherty, l. B. Hosford, 
L. V. Spaulding, Alfred Kimball, 
Charles Butters, Ira O. Sawyer, 
Alpheus Currier, Henry Belanger, 
Charles W. Chase, John A. Gale, 

E. B. Bishop, D. D. Chase, 

A. P. faques, Ira A. Abbott, 

Charles 11. Goodwin. A. M. Allen, 

C. N. Kelly, Alonzo Way, 

C. H. Weeks, Warren Emerson, 

Charles Shapleigh, J. A. Huntington, 



LIS! OF Ol I l« II- 

[rah E. Cha Charles L< Bosquet, 

W. II. Moo.lv. U. A. Killam, 

Algernon P. Nichols, L. C. Wadleigh, 

J. II. Sheldon, \V. E. Blunt, 

Charles Smiley, \V. K. Whittier, 

Albert LeBosquet, A. M. Tilton. 

C. II. Fellow . 

Dl R ECTORS. 

William A. Brooks. Charles W. Arnold. 

James II. Winchell, Martin Taylor, 

George A. Hall, Charles N. Hoyt, 

B. B. Jones. Aug. Bourne ul', 
J. G. S. Little, Woodbury No 

C. W. Morse. George L. Emerson, 
M. W. Hanscom, T. S. Ruddock, 

I). F. Sprague, D. T. Kennedy. 

F. C. Wilson. 

Treasurer, HORACE E. BARTLETT. 

Se< retary, E. G. FROTH1NGHAM. 

STANDING COMMITTEES. 

FINANCE AM) ROOMS. 

{'. A. Killam. Chairman. 
D. F. Sprague, C . W. Arnold. 

RAILROAD-- AND TRANSPORTATION. 

George II. Carleton, Chairman. 
J'). B. [ones, Secretary. 
J. II. Winchell, Alfred Kimball. 

Martin Taylor. 



IO 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 

E. B. Bishop, Chairman. 

Thomas E. Burnham, Secretary. 

Woodbury Noyes, James D. White, 

Charles N. Kelly. 

MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE AFFAIRS. 

W. A. Brooks, Chairman. 

C. W. Morse, Secretary. 

Thomas S. Ruddock, F. C. Came, 

George C. How, Ira O. Sawyer, 

F. G. Richards. 

STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 

Jones Frankle, Chairman. 

W. E. How, Secretary. 

A. A. Hill, M. D. Clarke, 

J.J. Winn. 



M KM HERS. 



George H. Appleton. 
A. H. Adams, 
Walter Aver, 
Thomas H. Bailey. 
S. C. Bassett, 
William Bray, 
C. I. Bickum, 
A. C. Barrows. 
W. T. Barstow, 
W. F. Blake. 
Bennett & Co., 



N. K. Johnson, 
J. E. Kimball, 
L. Kimball & Son, 
B. M. Kimball & Son, 
N. S. Kimball, 
Warren Kimball, 
J. E. Lord, 
Thomas Lahey. 
W. B. Lamprey, 
B. T. Longfellow, 
J. A. Lynch, 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 



II 



B. F. Barnes, 
Chester Bryant, 
Hiram Bond, 
R. G. W. Butters. 

B. A. Ball, 
George Brooks, 
M. Bonin, 

J. C. Bates, 
H. E. Chase. 
A. W. Cram, 

C. Haven Coffin, 
F. A. Cheney, 

E. Charlesworth, 
A. Wash. Chase, 
H. W. Chase, 
C. W. Chandler, 

F. H. Cate, 
F. C. Came, 
John A. Colby, 
C. H. Cushman, 
Maurice D. Clarke, 
Clark & Dow, 

L. II. Chick, 
H. M. Clay. 
George H. Cleveland, 
Thomas F. Carroll, 
George B. Case, 
Charles T. Chase, 
R. S. Chase, 
W. D. Collins, 
Chase & Meader, 



( Jeorge W. Ladd, 
William Lyall, 
George V. Ladd, 

I. L. Mitchell, 
\V. S. Merryman, 

F. J. Mitchell, 

C. C. Morse & Son, 
E. A. Mitchell, 
L. E. Martin, 
J. K. Moody, 
Eben Mitchell. 
IT. F. Morse, 
J. J. Marsh, 
William Nason, 
Byron Noyes, 
C. C. Osgood, 
A. A. Ordway, 
J. H. Osgood, 
Charles T. Paul. 

E. II. Pinkham, 

G. W. Pettingill, 
Edwin Poor & Co., 
Nicholas Powers, 
J. W. Proctor. 

A. U. Patch. 

II. I. Pinkham. 
John Pilling. 

F. A. Pierce, 
W. II. Page. 
II. L. Perkins. 
Harvey Raw 



12 



II WKRHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



J. M. Davis. 

B. C. Davis, 
S. A. Dow, 
John Duncan, Jr., 
H. L. Dole, 
James Dewhirst, 
Robert Driscoll, 

C. Willis Damon, 
Moses H. Dow, 
W. F. Endicott, 
W. F. Evans, 

I. II. Eaton, 
Charles Edwards, 
Luther Emerson, 
E. H. Emerson, 
C. B. Emerson. 
Matthew French, 
Floyd & Peabody, 
E. A. Fitts, 
A. E. Fernald, 
W. M. Fellows. 
Jones Frankle, 
C. K. Fox, 
C. H. Gleason, 
J. W. Goodwin. 
W. S. Goodell, 
J. N. B. Green, 
J. A. Gage, 
H. H. Gilman, 
M. S. Holmes, 
Moses How, 



Frank H_ Russ, 
Russell & Co., 
J. W. Russ, 
F. L. Ricker, 

C. N. Rhodes, 
George W. Russ, 
Joseph Ridgeway, 
Perley A. Stone, 
W. W. Spaulding, 
William Sawyer, 
Charles II . Smith, 

E. L. Shannon, 
A. II. Saltmarsh, 

D. Sherwood, 
J. M. Stover. 
P. C. Swett, 
W. K. Stratton, 
J. F. Smith, 

J. B. Simas, 
M. L. Stover, 

F. E. Tucker, 
II. C. Tanner, 
Thomas J. Taylor, 
J. R. Thing, 

W. B. Thorn. 

C. R. Thorn, 

D. B. Tenne}', 
J. M. Taylor, 

E. G. Tilton, 
George II. Tilton. 
W. H. Underhill, 



LIST OF MEMBERS. I 3 

Daniel Hooke, Varney & Hayes, 

J. W. Hayes, J. II. Varney, 

James A. Hale, George \V. Wentworth, 

George II. Hill, J. F. West, 

C. I). Hunking, fames I). White, 

J. M. Haseltine, C. T. Weaver, 

George W. Hanson. D. R. Webster. 

W. C. Hunkins, J. O. Wardwell, 

A.J. Hodgdon, L. C. Wadleigh, Jr., 

E. C. Holman, L. J. Young, 

Hoyt & Taylor, A. B. Jaques. 



Historic Haverhill. 



Haverhill is the child of destiny. An inland village 
on the Merrimack, wanting the steep waterfalls of the 
upper river and the harbor of the lower, a stranger to 
the capricious and unexpected leaps in growth of other 
manufacturing centers, it has pursued its way in 
steadfastness, until the settlement of the Puritans be- 
came a village, the village grew into a town, and the 
town unfolded into the Haverhill of to-day, — an aggres- 
sive, substantial, energetic, thriving city, conservative in 
its clasp of the past, radical in its reach for the future. 
Little could Goodman Ward, rowing up the river that 
summer day two hundred and fifty years ago, imagine 
that the log hut he was to build held the germ of to- 
day's city, with its factories and blocks, its steam and 
horse railways, its electric lights, its telegraphs and 
telephones, its lire department and water-works, the 
very invention <>f most of which was not yet dreamed 

of. 



l6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Haverhill, or Pentucket, as the Indians called the 
spot, was begun in 1640 by a fragment of the emigrants 
who replanted in Massachusetts the English Essex, 
bringing with them the sturdiness, integrity, and love 
of freedom indigenous to their birthplace, and recall- 
ing their old homes in the names they gave the new. 
Thus, in honor of the native town of their leader and 
first minister, the English Haverhill was commemorated 
by the founders of the new. Honorable in their earli- 
est dealings with the aborigines, they bought of the 
Indians the lands they sought to occupy, the original 
deed being still preserved in the city's archives, an 
evidence of good faith on the part of some, at least, ol 
the foreign trespassers upon these shores. 

Honest dealings with the owners of the soil did not, 
however, protect the villagers of the earlier days from 
the oft-repeated attacks of hostile Indians. Haverhill 
occupied a peculiar position in this regard, lying on the 
outermost edge of the settlements and being thus more 
directly exposed to the fury or vindictiveness of the 
hostile bands that swept down the valley of the Merri- 
mack or across the country. For nearly a century 
Haverhill suffered from the repeated forays of the sav- 
ages, being for the first fifty years in daily expectation 
of an attack. At length, however, other towns grew 
upon its northern borders and stood between it and its 
savage foes. There still remain, in various parts of the 
city, as the instinct of safety suggested their erection, 
garrison houses, so called, whither the adjacent settlers 
were in the habit of betaking themselves upon the first 
suggestion of hostile approach. Of brick, to guard 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 17 

against being set on fire, of good size, to afford safe 
retreat for the endangered settlers, with convenienl 
loop-holes, they afford substantial and undeniable sug- 
gestion of the danger and the heroism of the lives 
our forefathers led in the wilderness. 

Memorable in Haverhill, and celebrated then and 
since far beyond the town's horizon, were the adven- 
tures attending the capture and escape of Hannah 
Duston. On the fifteenth of March, 1697, a body of 
Indians made an unexpected descent upon the town and 
came to the house of Thomas Duston, who was living 
in one of the outlying settlements. "This man was 
abroad at his usual labour. Upon the first alarm, he 
flew to the house, with the hope of hurrying to a place 
of safety his family, consisting of his wile, who had 
been confined a week only in child-bed, her nurse, a 
widow from the neighborhood, and eight children. 
Seven of his children he ordered to flee with the 
utmost expedition in the course opposite to that in 
which the danger was approaching, and went himsell 
to assist his wile. Before she could leave her bed. the 
savages were upon them. Her husband, despairing ol 
rendering her any service, tlew to the door, mounted 
his horse, and determined to snatch up the child with 
which he was unable to part when he should overtake 
the little flock. When he came up to them, about two 
hundred yards from his house, he was unable to make 
a choice or to leave any one of the number, lie 
therefore determined to take his lot with them, ami 1<> 
defend them from their murderers or die by their side. 
A body of the Indians pursued and came up with him. 



1 8 HAVERHILL, -MASSACHUSETTS. 

and from near distances fired at him and his little com- 
pany. He returned the tire and retreated, alternately. 
For more than a mile he kept so resolute a face to his 
enemy, retiring - in the rear of his charge, returned the 
fire of his enemies so often and with so good success, 
and sheltered so effectually his terrified companions, 
that he finally lodged them all safe from the pursuing 
butchers in a distant house. When it is remembered 
how numerous his assailants were, how bold, when an 
oyer-match for their enemies, how actiye, and what 
excellent marksmen, a deyout mind will consider 
the hand of Proyidence as unusually yisible in the 
preseryation of this family. 

" Another part of the Indians entered the house 
immediately after Mr. Duston had quitted it, and found 
Mrs. Duston and her nurse, who was attempting to fly 
with the infant in her arms. Mrs. Duston they ordered 
to rise instantly, and, before she could completely dress 
herself, obliged her and her companion to quit the 
house, after the}' had plundered it and set it on fire. 
In company with several other captives, they began 
their march into the wilderness, she feeble, sick, terri- 
fied beyond measure, partially clad, one of her feet 
bare, and the season utterly unfit for comfortable travel- 
ing. The air was chilly and keen, and the earth 
covered, alternately, with snow and deep mud. Her 
conductors were unfeeling, insolent, and revengeful. 
Murder was their glory and torture their sport. Her 
infant was in her nurse's arms, and infants were the 
customary victims of savage barbarity. The company 
proceeded but a short distance, when an Indian, think- 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 1 9 

ing it an incumbrance, took the child out of the nui 
arms and dashed its head against a tree. What were 
then the feelings of the mother? 

" Such of the other captives as began to be wear) 
and to lag, the Indians tomahawked. The slaughter 
was not an act of revenge or cruelty. It was a mere 
convenience j an effort so familiar as not even to ex- 
cite an emotion. Feeble as Mrs. Duston was. both she 
and her nurse sustained, without yielding, the fatigue 
of the journey. Their intense distress for the death of 
the child and of their companions, anxiety for those 
whom they had left behind, and unceasing terror for 
themselves raised these unhappy women to such a de- 
cree of vigour, that, notwithstanding their fatigue, 
their exposure to eold, their sufferance of hunger, and 
their sleeping on damp ground under an inclement sky, 
they finished an expedition of about one hundred and 
fifty miles, without losing - their spirits or injuring their 
health. The weekwam to which they were conducted 
and which belonged to the savage who had claimed 
them as his property was inhabited by twelve persons. 
In the month of April this family set out with their 
captives for an Indian settlement still more remote, and 
informed them. that, when they arrived at the settle- 
ment, thee must be stripped, scourged, and run the 
gauntlet, naked between two files of Indians, contain- 
ing the whole number found in the settlement; for 
such, they declared, was the standing custom of their 
nation. This information, you will believe, made a 
deep impression on the minds oi the captive women, 
and led them, irresistibly, to dev isc all the possible 



if 

if™ 




HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 21 

means of escape. On the thirty-first of the same 
month, very early in the morning, Mrs. Duston, while 

the Indians were asleep, having awaked her nurse and 
a fellow-prisoner (a youth taken some time before 
from Worcester), dispatched, with the assistance of 
her companions, ten ol the twelve Indians. The othei 
two escaped. With the scalps of these savages they 
returned through the wilderness: and. having arrived 
safely at Haverhill, and afterwards ai Boston, received 
a handsome reward lor their intrepid conduct from the 
legislature." A monument on the common, close to 
the site ol the old meeting-house, commemorates the 
event. 

Another day whose mournful events have been pre- 
served in both history and tradition was the twenty- 
ninth of August, 1708, when Haverhill was attacked 
by a band of French Indians, recruited in Canada. 

"At break oi day they passed the frontier garrisons 
undiscovered, and were first seen near the pound, 
marching two and two. by John Keezar, who was re- 
turning from Amesbury. He immediately ran into the 
village and alarmed the inhabitants, who seem to 
have slept totalis unguarded, by firing his gun near the 
meeting-house. The enemy soon appeared, making 
the air ring with terrific yells, with a sort of whistle. 
which, says tradition, could be heard as far as a horn. 
and clothed in all the terrors of a savage war-dress. 
The} scattered in every direction over the village, so 
that they might accomplish their blood} work with 
more despatch. The first person the} saw was a Mrs. 
Smith, whom they shot as she was flying from her 



WERHILL. M tSSACHUSETI - 

rht : rem st party attacked the 
i Rolfe (t se< ninister of 

the ] which was tlu _ s with th 

his 1 family w 

lenly av slum - nly to h 

horrid knell tor their departure. Mr. R Ite in- 

d, placed _ the 

ring t cat in, 
called on t: s ssistance; but thes 

:hey were pals 
alked to and fro through the chamt 
iging theii - H 

but half »e of men, no doubt they 

tld have s ss fended the h s But. in- 

id of that, thev did not fire a gun or even '. 

The enemy, finding their 
strenuous s ills thr> _ 

■unded Mr. 
Rolfe in the el. y then . ss _ ist .vith 

their united 51 lgth. and Mr. Rolfe, finding il 
siblc sist them any longer, itely 

through the house and out at the back door. The In- 
dians folloM e k him at the well and 
c hed him with tl 

>r other 
-. on wh _ savag 

and her voung 
and. while one of them sunk his 
hat*. p in her head, an ant from 

her _ sprasp ts h< 

s children, 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 23 

six and eight years oi age, were providentially saved 
by the sagacity and courage <>l Elagar, a negro slave, 
who was an inmate oi the family. Upon the first 
alarm, she leaped from her bed. carried them into the 
cellar, covered them with two tubs, and then con- 
cealed herself. The enemy entered the cellar and 
plundered it of everything valuable. They repeatedly 
passed the tubs that covered the two children, and 
even trod on the toot oi one. without discovering 
them. They drank milk from the pans, then dashed 
them on the cellar bottom, and took meat from the 
barrel behind which Hagar was concealed." The 
three soldiers obtained nothing by their cowardice, as 
they plead lor mercy in vain. 

While these, the central figures oi the tragic daw 
were thus engaged, the remainder of the attacking 
party had been finding other victims, among whom 
were women and children, the captain of the town 
militia, and the first selectman. Between thirty and 
forty were killed or taken prisoners. Several dwellings 
were burned, and an attempt made to destroy the 
meeting-house, but this was frustrated by the coolness 
of one man who raised the cry that help was at hand, 
'idle Indians were thus panic-stricken before they had 
done what mischief they might. H\ this time a force 
of soldiers and of the townspeople had been collected 
and pursued the enemy, who had left the town precipi- 
tately. They came up with them two miles away and 
attacked them, although interior in numbers; and. after 
a skirmish of about an hour, the Indians lied, leaving 
nine dead and carrying olV several wounded. Manv ot 



24 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHI SETTS. 



the prisoners and most of the plunder were recovered. 
Some of the prisoners were barbarously slain to pre- 
vent their escape. The inhabitants were left to the 
sorrowful office of burying their dead. The day was 
somewhat advanced when the battle was over, and. it 
beinff extremelv warm, the interment was necessarily 
hurried. Coffins could not be made for all, and a 
large pit was dug in the burying-ground, in which sev- 
eral were laid. Some of those who fell in the last en- 
gagement were, it is supposed, buried on the spot. 
'This was the last, as it was the most formidable, at- 
tack of any importance made by the Indians upon the 
town. There were marauders now and then, and oc- 
casional alarms, but they grew less and less as time 
wore on. 

There was little of the sensational or startling, be- 
yond the constant menace of the Indians, in the town's 
early days. The tew first settlers multiplied by nat- 
ural increase and by additions from without. They 
robbed the primal wilderness of its wooded intervals 
and turned them into corn-fields. They fed their fam- 
ilies on the fish — salmon, shad, and alewives — with 
which the Merrimack (river of sturgeons, as some 
have translated it) ran thick. Though the men from 
Newbury who broke ground in Haverhill came up the 
river in [640, it was not until 1O42 that they acquired a 
title to the land they tilled by the purchase from the 
Indians already referred to. In 1643 the first town 
meeting was held, and then was the first reference to 
the disposition of the territory thus acquired, which 
gave in later years no end of trouble, and was a very 



HISTORIC II A\ LRU ILL. 



*5 



important and practical matter in the affairs of the 

town. 

"The theory oi ownership and distribution of lands 
was apparently the following: The townsmen of thai 
time had. by foresight, energy, and influence, obtained 
leave oi the General Court to begin a plantation in a 
most desirable location. They bad fairly purchased 
of the Indians a very large tract of territory. They 
held it legally and equitably, subject to the demands of 
the general government for the common weal, and the 
adjustment of bounds between them and their neigh- 
bors by competent authority. It was their property. 
They were the proprietors. They could divide it at 
such times and in such proportions as the\ saw- tit. 
Such parts of it as were allotted to any particular one 
oi them, he and bis heirs and assigns would thereafter 
own in severalty. In other words, the persons then 
and there settled were ' ye inhabitants of Pentuckett,' 
to whom the Indians had sold. Thev had not bought 
for the benefit of all the persons who might flock to 
Pentuckett to profit by the advantageous grant they had 
obtained. Ii they chose, however, they could admit 
any person to their association and a participation in its 
privileges. And it must be said that the logic of the 
early settlers seems to have substantially prevailed. 
There came a time when their heirs and assigns as- 
sumed to be owners oi all the lands remaining un- 
divided, and. although fiercely opposed, maintained 
their claim with ultimate success. They held ' pro- 
prietors'' meetings, had their clerk and moderator, 
kept records, made grants, carried on successful litiga- 



_■<, HAVERHILL. MASSACHUSETTS. 

tion, and had their own way. Then the organization 
quietly died out." 

As time wore' on and the sett lenient began to bear 
less the look of a "clearing" and more that of a vil- 
lage, a variety of trades and manufactures sprang up 
and in time assumed more or less prominence. One 
of the earliest to be established and one of the hist to 
be given up was that of tanning, but there is now no 
leather made in Haverhill, although the vats of the 
tanner stood open over two hundred \ ears. Other in- 
dustries, now lapsed into desuetude, were the manu- 
facture of potash, of salt, of saltpeter, and of duck 
cloth, brewing, and distilling. Ship-building, begun 
one hundred and fifty years ago, was also carried 011 
with vigor and to an extent much larger than might be 
supposed, reaching its period of greatest prosperity at 
the beginning of this eenturv. At that time there were 
three ship-yards in the central village and another at 
East Haverhill. The vessels were ships, brigs, sloops, 
schooners, and there have have been three launched in 
a day at the village. 'There was need of vessels. At 
that time Haverhill was carrying on an extensive com- 
merce, along the coast, to the West Indies, and to 
England, ships sailing from Haverhill to London di- 
rect. The town exported corn, grain, beef, fish, lum- 
ber, pearl-ashes, linseed oil. etc., bringing home sugar 
and molasses from the West Indies and goods of all 
kinds from the mother country. The vessels, if not 
too large, came up the river and discharged at Haver- 
hill; otherwise they were unloaded at Xewburvport, 
where their cargoes were transferred to scows and thus 



HISTORIC II \\ ERHILL. 2*] 

broughl up stream. After a while the carrying trade 
fell offand ship-building languished, coming virtually 
to an end in [840. Since then, in [875, two vessels 
have been launched at Haverhill, but no others have 
been built here, and there is no prospect of an\ farther 
employment for the shipwright's adze or the calker's 
hammer. The first distillery was built when the town 
was nearly a hundred years old, and it was about a 
hundred years later, when the last of the several that 
had been in active operation was bought by a promi- 
nent advocate of total abstinence and the tires put out 
the same night. 

The manufacture of hats has been and is extensive- 
ly carried on in Haverhill. Begun at least a quarter of 
a century before the Revolution, it has been main- 
tained ever since. The shops are now reduced in 
number, though the output is not lessened, to two or 
three large establishments, where hats are made only 
of wool and by the factory system. In the early part 
ot the century, however, when the business had got 
well under way, there were main shops, scattered in 
various parts of the town. Hats were then made of 
the fur of the beaver, raccoon, and muskrat; of cotton. 
with pasteboard bodies; of silk and u napped " fur as 
well as of wool. In connection with the manufacture of 
these goods, it is worth while to recall the primitive 
manner in which they were got t<> market. They were 
carried on horseback tor main years, and. later, when 
wheels were heard of in the town, were transported by 
this means, suspended in boxes from the axles. A.S 
late as [804 there were but two horse-carts in town. 



2 8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

The most important and valuable of Haverhill's in- 
dustries is. as all the world knows, the making- oi 
shoes, which had its origin and growth here without 
any set purpose, but by the accident of fate or by a 
species of natural selection. Cities have risen from 
the sand because of their proximity to abundant water- 
power; the purity of water, the proximity of fuel, 
the neighborhood of the sea, have determined the lo- 
cution of enterprises; this thing or that is manufact- 
ured where material is plenty, labor easily obtainable, 
or freights cheap; but Haverhill has become the manu- 
facturer of an immense number of shoes, at times the 
largest manufacturer of the world, without peculiar 
cause. Like Topsy, it "grew so." It is on record 
that the shoemaker met with no very warm reception 
upon his first appearance in Pentucket and that those 
of the craft who applied for citizenship were at times 
refused. But, as has been pointed out, it is probable 
that it was not the shoemaker as such who was re- 
fused, but the class of which, unfortunately, the early 
shoemaker was a type, — a wanderer from place to 
place and with a wanderer's tastes and habits. The 
cobbler was, nevertheless, an evident necessity, and 
cobblers and shoemakers became, in the natural course 
of events, citizens and residents of Haverhill. There 
was nothing, however, in this result that suggested the 
promise or potency of the prodigious development ot 
later days. 

From the earliest times until about the beginning 
of this century, shoemaking in Haverhill was confined 
almost entirely to supplying the wants of the com- 



titSTORIC HAVERHILL. 2§ 

munity itself. Shoes were not made up in quantities 
and kept on hand for sale, like mosl kinds of 
goods at the present dav: much less were they manu- 
factured for foreign consumption. The time is almost 
within the memory of persons now living, when it was 
the common custom, outside oi the villages, for shoe- 
makers to "whip the stump," i. e., go from house to 
house, stopping at each long enough to make up a 
year's supply for the family. Farmers usually kept a 
supply ot" leather on hand lor family use. and in main 
eases they were their own cobblers. A few years a<ro 
a very rich farmer died at a great age in another town 
of the state who had never worn shoes not of his own 
making. A farmer was sometimes, being perhaps 
fonder ot' tools or handier with them, the shoemaker for 
the whole neighborhood, and worked at making or 
mending shoes on rainy days and during the winter 
season. 

In villages, the " village cobbler," or shoemaker, 
gradually came to keep a little stoek ot' leather on 
hand, and to exchange shoes with the farmers, tanners, 
traders, and others, lor produce, leather, foreign goods, 
ete. There are said to have been hut two shoemakers 
in Haverhill as late as t 7^4. In course of time, the 
storekeepers, then carrying on a \ crv large commerce 
with a wide region round about, began to keep a tew 
shoes on hand for sale. This was a natural outgrowth 
of the barter system of trade, then the chief method 
ot" dealing. The owners ot the great "country stores'* 
bartered with the shoemakers for their shoes, bartered 
the shoes with the back country farmers tor produce. 



30 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

and then bartered the produce for English and West 
India goods. So. in 1795. it came about that one oi 
the merchants of the plaee advertised, that he had 
"several thousand" fresh and dry hides which he 
would exchange for shoes, giving credit for the hides 
until the shoes could be made out of them. And. in 
course of time, the merchants, seeing the possibility oi 
o-ain, became themselves the makers oi shoes as well 
as the sellers. The country market soon proved too 
limited, nor was there demand enough in Boston and 
the lesser plaees on the coast, and, so, during the war 
of 181 2, one of the more enterprising manufacturers 
sent a wagon-load of shoes to Philadelphia, from 
which he is said to have obtained a handsome profit. 
Later, goods were sent even farther south. And so 
Haverhill fell into the way of making shoes, and a 
good many of them, which demanded and obtained a 
wide and distant market. The two-horse " baggage- 
wagon," of the early "freighter" Slocomb, making 
regular trips between Haverhill and Boston since 1818, 
tailed to supply the demands of an increasing traffic; 
and he was obliged to increase his facilities until in 
1836 he employed forty horses and eight oxen, and his 
large covered wagons were said, with perhaps a trifle 
of imagination, to have almost literally lined the thirty 
miles of road. The main highway in many of the 
towns intervening between Boston and Haverhill still 
bears the name of Haverhill Street, unconsciously pre- 
serving the traditions of the days when the drivers of 
the shoe teams were the most frequent travelers and 
roads pointed one way to Boston and the other to Ha- 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 3] 

verhill. In 1837 there were forty-two shoe manufact- 
urers and fourteen tanners and leather dealers in town, 

but the financial panic of that year dealt a hard blow to 
the shoe industry, from which it did not recover until 
the discovery of California gold lent a new impetus to 
trade. In i860 the number of shoe factories had in- 
creased to one hundred, and from that time on the 
growth ol" the town's chief' interest has been reasonable 
uniform and steady, outside ot the inevitable misfor- 
tunes entailed by the war of' [861. One of the oddest 
fashions of the earlier manufacture was the disregard of 
method in packing, shoes being packed and shipped 
tor some years without any attention to the sixes 01- the 
number in a case. 

Haverhill was so related geographically to towns 
near and distant, being in its early days, when Law- 
rence was not dreamed of. the only inland town of 
account upon the river from Newburyport to Lowell, 
and affording, at first by a well-known ferry (by which 
Washington crossed in his journey through Essex after 
the Revolution) and later by a famous bridge, con- 
venient passage across the Merrimack, that all the tide 
of travel from "above" poured through it and into it. 
and its "general stores" were remarkable tor their size, 
and the multifarious nature of their contents. Several 
lines ot stage-coaches ran to Boston, while others made 
regular trips to Salem. Lowell, Newburyport, Exeter, 
Dover, and Concord, X. 11. It was in those days, too. 
that the inns and taverns of" the towns at which the 
coaches stopped earned a just prominence and reputa- 
tion, the Eagle I louse ot' Haverhill being a typical 



._> HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

example. The same house still stands, devoted to the 
same purposes, though the changing times have robbed 
it of its former prestige. Afterwards, when other 
towns had grown and other bridges had been built, 
Haverhill yet retained its prominence as a trading- 
center, since the growth of the shoe manufacturing 
industry made it the focus to which converged the lines 
of travel from many points of the compass and from 
greal distances. The same influences made it at once 
the market for the produce of the farms, the point 
where their finished shoes found sale, and the empo- 
rium where diverse needs could be supplied. Partly 
from the force of habits once formed, partly on account 
of the relations between shoemaking and the inhabi- 
tants of the country towns, and partly from the abund- 
ant opportunities its well-tilled stores afford to all sorts 
of seekers alter all sorts of wares, Haverhill still retains 
its position as the center of a circle whither streams of 
trade tend like its radii. The times, under the influ- 
ence of railway communication, have greatly changed 
since the main street of the village used to be so 
crowded with teams as to be almost impassable, the 
owners having come in to deal at " the store," but, in 
spite of railway and steamboat, express and postal ser- 
vice, the same tendency holds, and for miles back into 
the country, in Essex County and in lower New 
Hampshire, the dweller on farm or in village turns his 
steps to Haverhill when in need of whatever his farm 
or village fails to supply. While, therefore, for such 
reasons Haverhill invites to itself these customers, the 
fact of their coming reacts on the citv itself, and neees- 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 33 

sity if nothing else, compels its merchants, if they 

would retain this enormous trade, to the possession o1 

spacious and well-lit stores, enough and courteous 

derks an abundant assortmenl of wares at reasonable 

prices These Haverhill has; and, therelore, it is nol 

alone one of the largest manuiacturers of shoes in the 

world, but the source and center of a vasl and increas- 
ing domestic commerce, to the advantage both of buyer 

and seller and with the result of vastly increasing the 
diameter and circumference of the actual Haverhill. 

Haverhill has never lacked for patriotic spirit when 
the occasion required. The town records bear witness 
to the loyalty to the cause, the willingness to spend. 
the ,-eadiness to do, that apparently came by just 
inheritance from the Indian-fighting foretathers. In all 
the proceedings of the colonies just precedent to the 
great struggle with the mother country Haverhill had 
its part. When the oppressive measures of taxation 
were ordered In the King, Haverhill held town meet- 
ings to deal with the matter: when the unjust proceed- 
ings were persisted in b) Great Britian, Haverhill 
joined with other towns of spirit in "boycotting loreign 

".-nods; and. when the Continental Congress was 
weighing the question of finally dissolving allegiance to 

the mother country, the men of Haverhill, like those oi 
all oth er New England towns with rare exceptions. 
pl edged themselves » with their lives and fortunes to 
support them in the measure." The news o the battle 
of Lexington reached Haverhill at noon ol the day it 
was fought, and before night one hundred and five 
Haverhill men (almost one-hall of the entire mil.tia 



n w i Kim i . si vss m iu --i i rs, 

/ere " gone to \ ai m\ ." In the 
battle oi Bunkei Ihll fought seventy-four men from 
Haverhill, about one in twenty of the entire command, 
whom two were killed. And the same spirit oi 
devu - - mse was displayed all through the 

even vears w " rhere was no evidence oi grum- 

bling oi despondency," remarks a recent writer, u and 
the demands were ven scarcely was one 

quota filled, when anothei was called for. There were 
so mam emergencies that life must have seemed lull 
of them and to contain nothing else." Iu one year the 
, s ., , of the town for soldiers were ovei tiit\ 
thousand dollars 1 s*er) soldiei required b) the con- 
stant drafts was furnished up to the close oi the war 
with the exception of a single man. 

The wat of iSij afforded renewed opportunities for 
the exhibition of the same patriotic spirit. Though 
main of the citizens condemned this second war with 
ami as uncalled for and ill advised, and, though 
w is all about it had passed and were passing resolu- 
tions of censure and disapproval, yet no sooner had a 
eall been made for soldiers, than the town met at a short 
kty-four hours' notice and generously voted, in sub- 
stance, that no man's poverty should bar his patriotism. 
\ urge number of Haverhill men enlisted. Neverthe- 
the news oi peaee was \ ct \ grateful; and the CCS 
sation of hostilities was celebrated b\ a da\ of general 
rejoicing, with the ringing of bells, tiring of cannon, 
illumination oi houses, and religious services 

\ >ther consecration of money and of life to the 
>f the country was made during the late i 



HISTORIC II W IK HTLL 



35 



war. The scenes thai before main months of the 
struggle had passed became so familiar in all the 
northern towns were early enacted in Haverhill. The 
youth volunteering for enlistment, tin- muster on the 
village green, the escort of admiring friends and neigh- 
bors, the bitter leave-taking at last, — Haverhill was 
among the first to witness these. On the twenty-fourth 
ot" the January previous to the war the local militia 
company had held a meeting and its members had 
pledged each other to be in readiness for immediate 
departure should the occasion arise, and so, on the day 
when the attaek was made on the Massachusetts Sixth 
in Baltimore, they started tor Washington on receipt of" 
the news. Only three days later a soldiers' relief' 
society was formed, which did much work and 
immeasurable good in the succeeding four years. 
Haverhill sent to the war about thirteen hundred men. 
eighty-five more than were claimed of it. Of" these. 
seventy-three were mustered out as commissioned 
officers, of whom six were field officers, — three col- 
onels, one lieutenant-colonel, and two majors. The 
town raised and expended over a hundred thousand 
dollars tor the support of" the war, exclusive of' state 
aid, and spent an equal sum tor the latter purpose, 
which was afterwards refunded by the state. Even in 
the closing months of the struggle the town authorized 
continued enlistments to anticipate a possible call by 
the President. During tin- war excitemenl ran high in 
Haverhill, and there were some turbulent scenes, 
during which the sympathizers with the South were 
rather roughly handled, one being ridden on a rail and 
covered with tar and feathers. 




SOLDIERS MONUMENT 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 37 

The town testified its appreciation of its citizens 
who k-ll in the country's service by erecting a beauti- 
ful monument in their honor in one of the public 
squares, to which it has given a name. It is twenty- 
six feet in height, with a base, a plinth with buttresses 
surmounted by inverted cannon, and a second die, this 
being overtopped by a statue eight feet lour inches 
high, representing a volunteer soldier, with musket at 
parade rest. The base is of Rockport granite and the 
rest of Italian marble, and the whole is enclosed by an 
iron fence. Chiseled upon the tablets are the names <»l 
those who fell in the conflict, accompanied by the fol- 
lowing inscription: "In grateful tribute to the memory 
of those who, on land and on the sea, died that the Re- 
public might live, this monument is erected by the citi- 
zens of Haverhill, A. D. 1869." 

Haverhill has had more than one opportunity to 
prove itself superior to severe calamity in the shape oi 
tire. In 1775. just at the outbreak of hostilities be- 
tween the Colonies and Great Britain, a tire occurred, 
which, spoken of by them as the " late dreadful fire in 
this town," was enough, with other causes, to detain at 
home the Haverhill delegates to the Provincial Con- 
gress. It destroyed seventeen buildings, covering the 
whole side of one of the main streets, and would doubt- 
less rank, in point of proportionate importance, with 
some of the later fires, such as, for example, one that 
occurred in 1 <S 7 ^> , which "burned out" thirty-five busi- 
ness firms, caused the loss of two lives and destruction 
of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars" worth ol 
property, and which was only extinguished by aid from 



^8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

abroad. 'This was looked upon at the time as the 
worst fire in Haverhill's history, but it was dwarfed into 
insignificance by the " great tire*' of the spring of [882, 

and which is noteworthy, not alone or chiefly tor the 
suddenness of the calamity or the magnitude ol" the 
loss or the completeness of the disaster, sudden and 
great and complete as these undoubtedly were, but 
rather for the abounding energy, determination, and 
speed with which the even then smoking ruins were re- 
moved, and replaced by structures tar better than the 
original. 

At twenty minutes before twelve o'clock on the 
night of Friday, Feb. 17. a tire was discovered in a 
wooden block among the shoe manufactories, which, it 
is agreed, a lew pailfuls of water could at first have put 
out, but which spread with such amazing and, as it 
were, virulent rapidity, that the tire department, though 
promptly on the spot and working with the intensest 
energy, soon recognized its powerlessness to cope with 
the flames. Telegrams were sent to other cities, near 
and remote, for help, and very opportune and valuable 
aid was rendered by the departments of Newburyport 
and Lawrence. Had it not been for this, it is probable, 
that the fire, which, as it was. was confined chiefly to 
the shoe manufactories, would have spread to the re- 
tail stores and the dwelling-houses of the city, and, in 
fact, that its ultimate limit would have been a mere 
matter ot chance. As it was. however, it was only 
with the utmost difficulty that help was obtained. The 
telegram sent to Boston was not delivered. The 
steamer was got from Lawrence only by the exertions 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 

of the general ticket agent oi the railway, who broke 
open tlu- railway telegraph office at Haverhill and 
thence sent the necessary orders to the employes oi 
the railway at Lawrence. At Newburyport, the plat- 
form cars were frozen on the track, and it was with 
great difficulty that the steamer was finally got under 
way. It was only with the severesl and most painful 
efforts that the fire was at length controlled. It was 
bitter winter weather, and there were those among the 
most exposed of the firemen who lay in water several 
inches deep, their clothes frozen so stiff that they were 
unable to move except as rolled over by their compan- 
ions, in order to direct a stream upon an important point. 
It is worth while to say here, that it was this tire that 
called attention to the need of an increased water .sup- 
ply in case of fire. Had the present abundant high- 
pressure service then existed, it is sate to say that "the 
Haverhill tire" would not have been. 

The sun of Saturday morning shown upon the 
ruins of two million dollars* worth of property, includ- 
ing one savings and two national banks. About three 
hundred firms and individuals, engaged in various sorts 
of business but chiefly shoe manufacturing and collat- 
eral branches, were "burned out." One man was 
killed during the tire, and another severely injured. 
Live cinders were blown tour miles off"; the light oi 
the fire was seen in Boston, thirty miles distant: and 
the skv all around was so brilliantly illumined by the 
fire that a newspaper was read be its light at George- 
town, six miles away. The fire not <>nl\ destroyed 
nearly every factory in the "shoe district" and thus 



4 (1 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



threatened to blot out the chief industry of the city, but 
it burned as well the machinery, lasts, dies, patterns, 
samples, and trimmings that were in readiness lor the 
larsre orders tor which customers were already waiting. 
In the face of the emergency, however, the chief losers 
rose to the occasion, and, though great inducements 
wrre held out to them by other towns and cities to 
locate elsewhere, not one of them did so. One or two 
left the city, but only for a short time. 

The first news the owner of the only building 
spared by the flames (then absent in Washington) had 
of the occurrence of the tire was contained in half a 
dozen telegrams sent by men who wanted to rent his 
unoccupied space and sent before their own walls had 
fallen in. At four o'clock on Saturday morning, while 
the fire was still burning, the president of the First 
National Bank called a meeting of the directors, which 
was held at nine o'clock, when it was voted to rebuild 
at once, a committee was appointed, and the plans were 
well under way before night. By the next Monday 
nearly one half of the burned-out firms had secured 
places and were employed in taking orders and pre- 
paring for the renewal of business, scattered in various 
parts of the city, in attics, barns, sheds, dwelling-houses, 
and abandoned buildings. By the same Monday night 
one prominent leather house had sold thirteen thousand 
dollars' worth of leather for immediate use by manu- 
facturers of the burned district. The later region 
presented a picturesque appearance, its ragged heaps of 
bricks and stone dotted with signs announcing removals 
to more convenient quarters. In three days one half of 



HISTORIC HAVERHILL. 



4 1 



the firms had started their machinery. The workmen 
had been already paid off; in a week the fire was a 
thing- of the past, and in a month everybody was settled 
and looking forward only to the time when the work of 
rebuilding should be finished. On the Tuesday after 
the fire two cases of shoes were shipped by one of the 
burned-out firms; and on Thursday, while the fire was 
still smoking, the first brick was laid tor a new building 
in the burned district, where thirteen millions were to 
be used before the mason laid aside his trowel. In ei<dit 
days a wooden building had been put up, and its upper 
story got in readiness tor the shoe-stitching firm that 
had leased it. 

The operatives lost, of course, all their tools; and 
destitution and suffering would have been prevalent but 
lor the immediate formation of" a relief' committee, 
which distributed the funds raised by the citizens and 
the very handsome gifts received from abroad, — from 
former residents of' the city, including the poet Whit- 
tier, ami from the large eustomers of the burned-out 
firms. It should be stated that a large proportion of 
the contributed funds found no use and was returned to 
the donors. The tire was, in the nature of' things, a 
terrible shock to the community; and it was naturally 
feared that it was a shock from which the city would 
not recover and that it would cause a permanent 
paralysis of the industry to which it owed its growth 
and prosperity and in which all its hope for the future 
rested. But the very greatness oi the shock seemed to 
produce an intense reaction, and the prevailing expres- 
sion was one ot hope and buoyancy. To quote a 



4.2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

recent writer, " Business soon became active again, and 
the object of the sufferers was to resume operations in 
the old localities as soon as possible. This was largely 
accomplished betore the first anniversary of the fire, 
and in a most satisfactory manner. Beautiful and sub- 
stantial buildings had been erected in place of those 
destroyed, and the anniversary of the outbreak was 
celebrated by a spirited banquet. Through the exhibi- 
tion of pluck and energy made by the sufferers, 
they won the sympathy of the entire business com- 
munity of the country. The fire, distressing as it 
seemed, is generally admitted to have been a blessing 
in disguise." 

There have been occasional fires since, some of 
which threatened great destruction, and two of which 
compelled aid to be sought from other cities. Not the 
least serious was the one that destroyed the city hall a 
little before noon on Tuesday, Nov. <>, [888, causing a 
loss of about forty thousand dollars. The fire caught in 
the attic from an unknown cause, and burned with such 
remarkable intensity and rapidity that no efforts of the 
fire department mailed to check it, and it continued un- 
til the root' had fallen in, with the clock-tower and bell, 
the whole interior of the building destroyed, and only 
the blackened walls left standing. During the tire ;i 
number of sparks were carried, by the strong southwest 
wind that was blowing, upon the roots of buildings on 
the eastern side of Main Street, some of which suffered 
damage. The Center church sustained the severest 
loss. A disastrous conflagration was at one time 
threatened but was averted. The city hall was 







ilf'Wj-;^ 



CITY HALL, BURNED NOV. 6, [888. 



44 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

erected in 1861 on the site of the old Town hall which 
it replaced. It was a massive three-story structure of 
brick ornamented with freestone, one hundred and fif- 
teen feet long, sixty-seven and a half feet wide, with a 
clock-tower on the front eighteen feet square. The 
work of restoration was not long delayed, and from the 
ruins has already arisen a new structure, with a better 
tower, a larger and finer bell, and an illuminated clock, 
and which bids fair to excel the one destroyed. 



Within and Without. 



Haverhill's situation and natural advantages have 
been remarked upon from the earliest times, and have 
amply certified to the acumen of Ward and his associ- 
ates of 1640 when they chose this spot for their planta- 
tion. In the first place, the river that edges it is one of 
the most noteworthy of ancient or modern passage- 
ways to the sea. It turns more spindles than any other 
river, being the most noted water-power stream in the 
world, seventy-eight thousand six hundred horse 
powers being utilized in [880 on the Merrimack and its 
tributaries, probably a greater extent of occupied 
water-power privilege than on any other drainage basin 
of the same si/.e in America. The total fall of the river 
is not great, but it is concentrated at a lew places, thus 
occasioning its wonderful adaptedness to be utilized as 
motive power. Having its source up in the impenetra- 
ble fastnesses of the White Mountain wilderness, fed b\ 
the inexhaustible outpour of the beautiful Lake Winni- 
pesaukee, it sweeps by the mills of Manchester, 



46 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nashua. Lowell, and Lawrence, until at Haverhill, 
sixteen miles from its mouth, it begins to smack of the 
sea. since here is the head of navigation and here the 
tide rises and tails. 

Haverhill lies on the northern edge of Essex County 
(itself the northeastern corner of Massachusetts), on 
the northern hank of the Merrimack River, and is one 
of the chief stations on the Boston and Maine railway. 
It is thirty miles from Boston on the highway and 
thirty-three bv rail, while it is eighty-three miles from 
Portland. Me., the eastern terminus of the main line of 
the railway, and ten miles less as one drives over the 
road. It is nine miles distant from Lawrence, fourteen 
from Newburyport, eighteen from Lowell, twenty-two 
from Salem, and thirty from Portsmouth, N. H. It is 
not only one of the most important places on the main 
line of the Boston and Maine system, but, by a branch 
running through central Essex, it has free communica- 
tion with the inland county towns, with Newburyport, 
and with the whole eastern division of the Boston and 
Maine. Three highway bridges span the river at Ha- 
verhill and connect with it Bradford, Groveland, and 
West Newbury. The river plays no unimportant part 
in its affairs, since it affords the opportunity for delightful 
recreation in the season, the means of cheap freightage 
for bulky articles, and a continual means of eseape for 
the city's sewage. It is not so much a channel of 
commerce as it was in the elder days, before the railway- 
had been heard of and when the shipwright's hammer 
and the calker's tool still rang frequent in the Haverhill 
yards. The first steamboat, in fact, that ever floated on 



.,N 11 WKKIlll.l.. M ^SS u III SETTS. 

the Merrimack was built in Haverhill in [828. The 
chief obstacles in the way of river commerce abo\ e Ha- 
verhill are the shoals and rapids that intervene between 
it and Lawrence. Attempts have been made by the 
national government to deepen and widen the channel, 
and some coal lighters have been towed to Lawrence 
and small steam vessels of light draught have even 
ascended the river to that point since the dam was 
built at Lawrence, before which time steamers plied 
between Lowell and the ocean; but the work has 
been given over, at least for the present. At Haver- 
hill, however, tin- river has a width of six hundred feet 
and a channel depth of eight feet at high water, and 
vessels of two hundred tons come up from the mouth 
of the river to lie at the Haverhill wharves, laden with 
lumber, stone, and coal. In the summer time, pleasure 
steamboats ply up and down the stream and convey 
thousands of passengers by a delightful voyage to the 
beaches at the mouth of the river. 

Not tar below Haverhill Bridge is a long but rather 
narrow island, opposite the establishment of Col. Harry 
II. Hale on the Bradford side of the river, of which 
estate it forms a part and to which it has given the 
name of " Island Stock Farm." It is utilized for 
pasturage, and a half-mile track has been made there in 
which to exercise Col. Hale's colts. 

The city is nine and a half miles long, with an 
average width of three miles, extending over twenty- 
four square miles. There are one hundred miles of 
streets, twenty-seven miles of sidewalks, fifteen miles of 
>e\\ ers. The disproportion between the highways and 



r HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

such adjuncts as sidewalks arises from the exten- 
sive territory outside of the city proper, which is highly 
productive and for the most part highly cultivated. 
The city is traversed by three small streams, tributaries 
of the Merrimack, two of which have been utilized for 
grist-mills and saw-mills, while the remaining one 
affords" enough water-power to turn the wheels oi a 
large flannel mill. Haverhill is noteworthy for the fact 
thai there are four ponds within its limits, and three of 
them within a mile of the city hall and within a half 
mile of each other. All four of them are now used to 
supply the city with water for drinking purposes. They 
are valuable, however, not alone for the abundance with 
which they administer to the thirst of the city, or for 
the ice which makes more endurable the summer heat 
or affords a smooth surface to the swift foot of the 
wintry skater, but also as adding a variety, a pictur- 
esqueness, and a charm to the landscape such as few- 
cities can boast. The smallest of the four covers about 
thirty-eight acres and was the first used for aqueduct 
purposes because it appears to be fed entirely by 
springs. The next in size, covering but two or three 
acres more, supplied the head for the first mill-powers 
utilized in the town. The other two are much larger, 
one of them, its waters remarkably clear and trans- 
parent, occupying an area of one hundred and seventy- 
five acres, while the largest of all, Lake Kenoza (lake 
of the pickerel), includes two hundred and forty acres. 
It is fifty feet in depth in some places, and. though but 
a mile from the city hall, is picturesquely surrounded. 
It once abounded in pickerel, and through its outlet 



-2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

alewives and salmon used to crowd in spawning time. 
The woods on its edge were long the haunt of several 
species of game and were therefore very attractive to 
the sportsman. It still affords to the residents of the 
city, as it long has afforded, a pleasant resort, within a 
a convenient distance, for parties of pleasure, who 
doubtless often rind expressive of their own feelings the 
words that the poet Whittier, himself from boyhood 
familiar with its shores, sent to its christening, — 

"Kenoza! o'er no sweeter lake 

Shall morning break or noon-cloud sail, — 
No fairer face than thine shall take 

The sunset's golden veil. 

" Long be it ere the tide of trade 

Shall break with harsh-resounding din 

The quiet of thy banks of shade 
And hills that fold thee in. 

• w Still let thv woodlands hide the hare. 
The shy loon sound his trumpet note, 

Wing-weary from his fields of air, 
The wild goose on thee float. 

"Thy peace rebuke our feverish ^tir, 

Thy beauty our deforming strife; 
Thv woods and waters minister 

The healing of their life." 

The older and more compact part of the city lies 
along a southward-looking slope that rises sharply 



WIT FUN AND WITHOUT. 53 

from the river, and its houses, at first closely clustered 
for neighborhood defence in Indian times, now stretch 
for miles up and down the stream. It is not unlikely 
that the natural beauty of their clearing soon caught the 
eye of the early settlers, and that they set their houses 
away up on the bank, the road running in front oi them 
and thus separating them from the river, with the 
intent to allow no buildings on the opposite side and 
thus insure to them on their high land an unobstructed 
view of the stream. It was almost inevitable, however, 
that the- growing value of the riparian land should 
compel its utilization; and the river road ot the settlers 
has become the main business street of the city, closely 
built on each side with shops and stores in the region 
of trade, wharfage occupying the rear of the riverward 
side. 

The general surface of the city is undulating, 
though some of the ascents and descents to and from 
the river are quite sharp. There is little or nothing, 
even in the outlying districts, of the precipitous sides 
and jagged tops that are not uncommon features of our 
Xew England river towns, but the eminences are in 
genera] not very difficult <>t ascent, rounded, and often 
cultivated to the top. They are noteworthy, too, for 
being detached summits, instead of being continuous 
upland or chains of hills, thus affording a greater 
variety to the landscape, and suggesting, as the city 
grew, tit spots for the erection of more pretentious and 
more costly residences, in keeping with the increasing 
wealth and enterprise of the city. Many of the hills 
have alread) been utilized for this purpose, some ot 



54 HAVERHILL, -MASSACHUSETTS. 

the nearer slopes being more or less closely occupied 
by types of the modern handsome house, and many 
acres of land have thus been brought to a present or 
prospective market. Whether one prefer the outlook 
on river, lake, or meadow, there is no laek of eligible 
building sites, not far removed from the more compact 
city. Close to the river, even, rise several eminences, 
one to the east and one to the west of the city proper, 
each of which affords from its summit a beautiful view 
of the Merrimack flowing at its feet and of the 
towns beyond. They bear the somewhat curiously 
antithetic names of Golden and Silver, named, how- 
ever, not from any metallic properties, actual or 
metaphorical, but from some early and long forgotten 
owners. Washington, in his tour of New England in 
1789. passed through Haverhill, and his admiration of 
the beauty of its situation has been sedulously pre- 
served in tradition and has been set to verse by 
Whittier, himself an ardent Lover of theeharms of his 
native town. 

" Midway, where the plane-tree's shadow 
Deepest fell, his rein he drew: 
On his stately head, uncovered, 

Cool and soft the west wind blew. 

" And he stood up in his stirrups, 

Looking up and looking down 
On the hills of Gold and Silver 

Rimming round the little town, — 



WITHIN AM) W II HOUT. 55 

"On the river, full of sunshine, 
To the lap of greenest \ ales 
Winding down from wooded headlands, 
Willow-skirted, white with sails. 

" And he said, the landscape sweeping 

Sl<>\vl\ with his ungloved hand, 
" 1 have seen no prospect fairer 
In this goodl} eastern land.' " 

About a mile from Keno/.a Lake rises an eminence 
known by the name of Great Hill and which is the 
highest land in the town. It is three hundred and 
thirty-nine feet above the ocean and is the second 
highest elevation in P^ssex County. "The view from 
the summit of this hill," writes a loeal historian, "is 
the most extensive and interesting of the many similar 
views to be obtained in the town. Portions of more 
than twenty towns in Massachusetts, and nearly or 
quite as many in New Hampshire, are easily distin- 
guished by the naked eye. To the east stretches the 
broad Atlantic, whose deep blue waters, dotted with 
tlie white wings of commerce, are plainly seen, from 
the Great Boar's Head to Cape Ann. Near its edge, 
and partially hidden from our sight by Pipestave Hill 
in Newbury, are seen the spires and many oi the 
houses of the city of Newburyport. To the right, the 
eye can distinctly trace the outline of Cape Ann from 
Castle Neck to Halibut Point. With the aid of a -lass 
several villages upon the Cape are made visible. As 
we sweep around from east to south, nearly all the 



c6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

most prominent hills in northern Essex can be distinct- 
ly seen and easily identified. To the south and south- 
west, portions of the villages of Groveland, Bradford, 
Haverhill, North Andover, Andover, and Methuen, 
and the city of Lawrence, can be seen, peeping above 
the intervening hills. To the southwest, the Wachu- 
sett; to the west, the Monadnoek ; and to the north, the 
Deerfield mountains are easily distinguished. To the 
northwest, the village of Atkinson, with its celebrated 
academy, is spread out in bold relief. To the north- 
east is seen the top of Powow Hill, in Salisbury, so 
named from its having been the plaee selected by the 
Indians lor their great " pow-wows," long before a 
white man gazed upon the waters of the Merrimack 
from its summit. Turning again to the south, we 
notice, almost at our teet, the beautiful Lake Kenoza, 
glistening in the sun like a diamond encompassed bv 
emeralds. Once viewed, the memory of this lovely 
landscape scene will never be effaced, — 



' the faithful sight 
Engraves the image with a beam of light.' " 



In fact, in nearly every part of the city are hills of 
more or less prominence, some of the remoter ones 
still affording pasturage for cattle, while on the south- 
ward-looking slopes of others the grape mellows in the 



WITHIN AND WITIIOl'T. 57 

autumn sun. On a great rock at the summit of one of 
them, bearing the unique and perhaps inexplicable 
name of Brandy Brow, four towns meet cornerwise, — 
two, Plaistow and Newton, in New Hampshire, and 
two, Haverhill and A.mesbury, in Massachusetts. An- 
other overlooks the humble birthplace of the poet 
Whittier, the Mecca oi so many travelers' feet, while 
from other hills in the eastern parish may be had a 
fine view of the Merrimack and oi the wide-stretching 
East Meadows, by which the early townsmen set so 
much store. Everywhere broken, offering glimpses 
now of pond and now oi river, affording a wider out- 
look upon more distant scenes at every turn, nothing 
"can stale the infinite variety" of the landscape. 



SCI IOOLS. 



The riches of the Commonwealth 

Arc free, strong minds, and hearts of health; 

And more to her than gold or grain 

The cunning hand and cultured brain. 



1. 



There rises before one at the moment of beginning 
this sketch of the schools of Haverhill two pictures, — 
the one dim, imperfect, its features almost obliterated 
by the passing years, a canvas where a tew. silent. 
enshadowed figures are faintly seen; the other bright 
with strong, fresh colors, sparkling with lite, thronge< 
with faces as the paintings of Raphael are with ange 
heads; the one, that first school of Haverhill taught b\ 
Thomas Wasse for ten pounds a year, its place oi 
meeting some private house, whither by rude cart-paths 
or footways, through woods where beasts or savage 



6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Indians lurked, the few children of the rude settlement 
of two hundred years ago went to be taught to read 
and write and east accounts; the contrasting picture, 
the attractive spacious school-rooms, fitted with all 
that ingenuity can suggest lor comfort or tor teaching, 
wherein the present generation of children gathers to 
be taught, in ways and with helps of which the rude 
forefathers never dreamed, the knowledge and wisdom 
of to-day. There lies before the writer a volume con- 
taining the Haverhill school reports of many years, 
and. as one reads backwards through these, and. 
beyond them, through the fragmentary and far separa- 
ted sketches of the schools of ancient days, one cannot 
but recognize with what faith and deeds the valiant- 
souled and earnest-hearted fathers of the town sowed 
the seed which has grown into the magnificent school 
system of which we are justly proud. 

It should not be forgotten, that those noble men 
who came to New England in 1630 and the years 
following, men "who." Macaulay says, "forever illus- 
trious in history, were the founders of the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts," were neither adventurers 
nor untaught dissenters. They were many of them 
university men. They brought with them their well 
selected libraries. The)- brought, also, the belief that 
the education of the people ought to be the first con- 
cern of the state. Their judgment of what that educa- 
tion should be was no narrow and merely utilitarian 
nnv. Thev took as the guiding purpose of their action 
the same broad idea that formed but lately the key- 
note of the address of the orator at the dedication of 



SCHOOLS. 6 1 

the Haverhill High School building: "In the matter 
of education the natural flow is from the heights to the 
plain. * * * * There must be- elevated fountains 
ol knowledge in order that these blessings may be 
generally distributed among the common people." 
Probably." says the historian of American literature, 
"no other community oi pioneers ever so honored 
study, so reverenced the symbols of learning; theirs 
was a social structure with its corner-stone resting on a 
book." 

The first public school established was the Boston 
Latin School. This school, founded so much earlier 
than Harvard College that it is said to have "dandled 
Harvard College on its knees." owed its existence 
largely to two men. the far-seeing governor, Win- 
throp, who knew that ignorance was the "darkest lair 
of Satan." and the Reverend John Cotton, "to whom." 
Dr. Increase Mather says. " New England oweth its 
name and being more than to any other person in the 
world." Cotton was a graduate of Trinity College, a 
fellow oi Emmanuel College, a man recognized in En- 
gland as of great ability and learning, and in New En- 
gland the acknowledged center of vast influence in 
church and civil affairs. All that was precious to him 
in his memories oi England he transplanted to America. 
"When he saw the children growing up he thought of 
the school, the free school, to which all could go; and 
with his own love for classical literature, and his 
partiality for the privileges of" a collegiate education, 
the memory oi a tree grammar school where Greek 
and Latin were taught may have risen to his mind, and 



6l HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

he may have said. " Here, also, where the trees of the 
forest are not yet felled and the wild Indian is at our 
doors, here let such a school be established, free for 
all. And let this one be the forerunner of a thousand 
more that shall follow." 

By the influence of such men in 1647 the General 
Court passed the following law, "in order that learning 
may not be buried in the graves of our lathers: " "It 
is, therefore, ordered that every township in the dis- 
trict, after the Lord hath increased them to the number 
of fifty householders, shall then forthwith appoint one 
within their town to teach all such children as shall re- 
sort to him, to write and read * * * * * and 
it is further ordered, that, when any town shall increase 
to the number of one hundred householders, they shall 
set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able 
to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the 
university * * *." 

From this influence and this order came the public 
schools of New England. 



' Yet with our fathers we are one 

At heart, whatever change betide; 
Still shines for us their tireless sun; 

Their truth still waits us for our sruide." 



SCHOOLS. 0>-\ 

II. 

The larger settlements, like Boston and Salem, did 
not, however, contain all the men of education and 
high purpose. In the little frontier town of Pentucket, 
afterwards Haverhill, the minister, John Ward, was a 
man "learned, ingenious, and religious, — an exact 
grammarian, and an expert physician," — a Master of 
Arts of the University of Cambridge, England. The 
few men associated with him in founding this settle- 
ment, and who lovingly and reverently called him 
Teacher, though not as well educated as himself, were 
by no means illiterate. There was no schoolmaster 
chosen for fourteen years after the order of the Gen- 
eral Court, but the colony did not until that time reach 
the required number of householders. Moreover, by 
reason of its being a frontier town, it had more diffi- 
culties with which to contend than the other settle- 
ments. The Ipswich father of' that day had to accom- 
pany his children to the school to guard them from the 
wolves. The Haverhill father must fear the wily 
Indian as well as the forest beasts. Though there be 
no historical record to confirm it, one must believe that 
the children of the colony were taught at home until 
the first master was chosen; that, amid the labors and 
watches of" the day or by the glowing pine knot at 
night, the father gave to his sons what knowledge he 
himself' held. The town records of' the earlier years 
make frequent mention of schools, now the authoriz- 
ing ot the hiring of Thomas \\'a^>e as schoolmaster at 
ten pounds a year, later the raising of thirty pounds for 



64 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

school purposes, again the engagement in 1702 of a 
Mr. Tufts for a salary of thirty-four pounds, but in 
1703 the town voted "that, on consideration of their 
troubles with the Indians, nothing should be done 
about getting a schoolmaster." and in 1705 the General 
Court, because of their impoverishment by the Indian 
war. excused all towns of' less than two hundred fami- 
lies from observance of the school law for three years. 

It may seem unbefitting a volume of this kind to 
make the sketch of the schools at all historical, but a 
view of the education of the past is useful not only as 
a contrast with that of the present in the material 
equipment, but as showing that the love of learning 
and the high aims of our schools are deeply rooted in 
the past. We have no more solicitude for learning 
than they had in those early days, when the New En- 
gland matron said to her son, " Child, if God make thee 
a good Christian and a good scholar, thou hast all that 
thv mother ever asked for thee." 

It would be of little value here to note the varying 
fortunes of the schools in the past century, but it is in- 
teresting to note that a hundred years ago, in 1789, the 
tirst school regulations were adopted by the school 
committee of Haverhill. Although new methods of 
teaching have replaced the old, we must recognize, as 
we read some ot these century-old rules, that the pur- 
poses ot knowledge remain unchanged. Indeed, with 
scarcely the modification ot" a sentence, we might 
place in our regulations these framed a hundred years 
ago: That " the master consider himself as in the place 
of a parent to the children under his care, and en- 



SCHOOLS. °5 

deavor to convince them by mild treatment that he 
feels a parental affection for them; that he be sparing 
as to threatenings or promises, but punctual in the exe- 
cution „, th e one and the performance ol the other; 
,,,,, he never make dismission from school at an earlier 
hour than usual a reward for attention or diligence, but 

endeavor to lead them to consider ben- at school a 
privilege, and dismission Iron, it a punishment; that 
when circumstances admit he suspend inflicting pun- 
ishment until some time after the offence is committed ; 
that he impress upon their minds their duty to their 
parents and masters: the beauty and excellence ol 
truth, justice, and mutual love; tenderness to brute 
creatures, and the sinfulness of tormenting them and 
wantonly destroying their lives; the duty which thej 
„we to their country and the necessit) ol a strict obe- 
dience to its laws; and that he caution the,,, against the 
prevailing vices, such as Sabbath-breaking, protane 
cursing and swearing, gaming, idleness, etc. 

Books have changed and will change, and sciences 
and studies and methods of interpretation, but the pu- 
pils of a hundred years ago were taught as the pupils 
of to-day are taught, and the pupils of a hundred years 
hence shall be taught and trained, " in the purposes ot 
knowledge, in the love of justice and generosity and 
patriotism, in respect for themselves, and ,n obedience 
to authority, and honor for man and reverence lor 

° Though we live when liberty is larger and civiliza- 
tion ruber and humanity more Hauler, we earn,,., at- 
ford to despise or overlook the foundations that were 



66 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

so deeply and strongly laid in the past that we can 
safely rear thereon broadly and high, to-day, our insti- 
tutions. In education the objects to be achieved alone 
are stable; the methods must vary with the varying in- 
tellectual surroundings and demands of the age and the 
o-eneration. What Emerson calls the " work ot 
divine men/" "to help the young souls, add energy, 
inspire hope, and blow the coals into a useful flame," 
is shown to have been the guiding moral purpose of 
the first regulations of the Haverhill schools of one 
hundred years ago, and is to-day the one purpose of our 
more ambitious system of education. Side by side 
with the training that shall cultivate the power of 
thinking, give knowledge, promote loyalty, and in- 
dustry, and high ambition, we seek to place the inspi- 
ration to truthfulness, purity, and courtesy. 



III. 



The schools of Haverhill to-day stand abreast with 
the best in the country. wSufficiently progressive to 
adopt whatever is an improvement upon previous 
methods, sufficiently conservative not to be swept along 
by every new fashion in education, making a specialty 
of no one branch of the school curriculum, the schools 
furnish, from the lowest primary grade to the highest 
high school grade, a course of stud} - that seeks the 
symmetrical and progressive development of the child. 

The school board, of which the mayor is ex- 
ojficio chairman, consists of eighteen members, one 



SCHOOLS. 67 

being chosen each year from each ward and the term 
of office being three years. 

Beside the various sub-committees on the several 
schools, there are standing committees on school- 
houses, salaries, truancy, music, private schools, text- 
books, and examination ot teachers, and a prudential 
committee for the examination of all hills against the 
school department, their approval being necessary be- 
fore the bill can be paid. The general board meets on 
the third Wednesday of ever}' month tor the consider- 
ation ol the school interests, and the prudential com- 
mittee on the Monday preceding the meeting of the 
board. 

Happily the election of school committee has been 
determined by fitness instead ot' political questions, 
and the board, while differing occasionally, as honest 
men may, about methods, has been unanimous in seek- 
ing to obtain and maintain the best schools possible. 
While keeping a strict watch to check any extrava- 
gance or needless expenditure ot money, it believes 
that the first element ot" economy is efficiency. The 
teachers are elected annually in June, at which time 
such changes or dismissals are made as seem neces- 
sary. In the selection of teachers favoritism and per- 
sonal desires are not factors, the qualifications ot the 
applicant in respect to character, education, and the 
power to teach being alone considered. 

The superintendent of schools is the secretary ot 
the board. He keeps the records, buys all school sup- 
plies and distributes them to the schools, makes out the 
weekly pay-rolls, and arranges and presents all bills t<> 



68 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

the prudential committee. By a system of monthly 
reports from each school, he is able to present each 
month to the school board the exact condition of the 
schools, and to show wherein there is improvement or 
need of improvement. As superintendent of schools 
he conducts examinations, has charge of promotions, 
visits each school, and advises with the several sub- 
committees upon questions of changes in course of 
study, text-books, discipline, etc. He keeps watch to 
know what progress or changes other places are mak- 
ing in methods of education, and is in all matters the 
executive aerent of the board. Every month the 
teachers of each grade meet with him for comparison, 
discussion, and suggestion, and thereby an esprit de 
corps of great value is maintained. In the grammar 
schools the principal, under the direction of the super- 
intendent, supervises carefully the work of each grade 
in his own building. The principals of all the schools 
meet at intervals with the superintendent to discuss 
school interests and obtain uniformity of methods. 
The object of this arrangement of school supervision 
is to obtain in each school the best results, but, while 
the system is made as complete as possible, there is 
sufficient elasticity to allow of individual work by the 
teachers and individual training of the scholars. 

The course of" study is so arranged that each 
branch shall receive its own proportional amount of 
time and attention. In reading, ease, fluency, and ex- 
pression are sought; and each lesson is preceded bv a 
vocal drill to obtain clear enunciation and variety in 
expression. In writing, a regular drill is given, to ob- 



SCHOOLS. 69 

tain an easy control oi the muscles of the arm and the 
fingers. In geography and history, the scholars arc led 
to read widely, to compare authors, and to study by 
topics the countries or the epochs. The study of lan- 
guage begins with the child's entrance to school and 
continues through the full course. The course in 
drawing has just been re-arranged in order to make it 
a progressive stud)- of form and objects through all the 
years. The music is under the direction of a special 
teacher. 

Promotions of classes are made yearly, and are so 
arranged as to prevent as far as possible any nervous 
and unnatural strain upon the child, the estimate of the 
teacher under whom the pupil has been during the 
year being the especial basis of promotion. Written 
tests and exercises are given frequently to cultivate ex- 
actness and power of expression, and to show what 
subjects need reviewing. In all promotions the indi- 
vidual child is considered, and the question asked, 
"Is it best for him to go on or to review the work?" 
The school session is freed from all tediousness by 
numerous changes, and by the introduction of suitable 
gymnastic exercises. For some years no out-door re- 
cess has been given. This no-recess plan has been a 
teat ure of the school system long enough tor an un- 
prejudiced judgment to be formed of its results. It is 
found that it is much easier to maintain school disci- 
pline, and that there is much less opportunity for the 
forming oi evil habits or associations under this than 
under the old system, while the shorter school session. 
the short in-door recess, and the ready permission to 



^o HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

leave the room when necessary prevent any extra fa- 
tigue and any injury to the health. 

Entering the lowest primary grade, the child comes 
immediately under the care of teachers chosen because 
of their especial fitness for primary work. From his 
very entrance into school, he is trained to read, to 
write, to measure, to observe; he is taught the correct 
use of language, and is led to express his thoughts in 
complete sentences; cleanliness, order, and courtesy 
become as habits to him, while, so far as the influence 
of the school-room extends, he is restrained from 
cruelty and coarseness and the more flagrant vices. 

The evening schools are open for twenty weeks, 
three evenings a week, and in them the division is into 
small classes, each having a separate teacher, in order 
that much individual work may be done. There is an 
evening school of mechanical drawing, and one of free- 
hand drawing, and a school for instruction in book- 
keeping, in addition to separate schools for the 
instruction of males and females in the ordinary 
grammar-school branches. In these schools the city 
gives most willingly not only what the state demands, 
but what contributes to the advancement of those 
who, debarred by the necessity of labor from the day 
schools, desire to obtain an education. 

There are eighty public schools in the city, occupy- 
pying twenty-three buildings, and taught by ninety- 
three teachers. The number of pupils in the public 
schools is about 3,000; in parochial schools 1,000; in 
other private schools 50. The city spends annually for 
the support of its schools about $65,000. In 1886 it ex- 




HIGH SCHOOL. 



72 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



pended more money per pupil than any other city in 
Essex County, and was outranked in the state only by 
Boston. Newton. New Bedford, Somerville, and Cam- 
bridge, none of which are purely manufacturing eities. 
In proportion to its valuation it expends more than any 
city in Massachusetts save Gloucester. In this com- 
parison towns are not included. 

The city furnishes free to all pupils all books, 
slates, stationery, etc., used in the schools, and offers 
to the children of rich and poor alike the best teaching 
that it can obtain, the best courses of study that it can 
devise, the best text-books and the most complete aids 
tor study, during a school course of thirteen years, 
carrying the student to the very doors of the scientific 
or academic university, and all without the expendi- 
ture of a dollar. 

The High School is beautifully situated on a com- 
manding site on Crescent Place fronting a small park, 
and occupies the place where Harriet Newell, one of 
the tirst missionaries of the American Board, was born, 
as well as the place where stood the Center school, 
the first and for many years the only grammar school 
of the town. The architecture is Roman and Grecian 
combined, and freed from all the trickeries of form and 
ornament, with its simple lines and true proportions, is 
of great dignity and beauty. The building is three 
stories high above a granite basement and is hand- 
somely built of brick with sandstone trimmings. The 
basement contains, in addition to the most excellent 
sanitary arrangements and the boilers for the steam- 
heating aparatus, a chemical laboratory fitted with 



schools. 73 

desks and furnished completely for experimental 
study, and a philosophical lecture-room, both large 
and well ventilated. Above, on the firsl floor are the 
spacious school and recitation rooms, the rooms of the 
school commitee and the oilier of the superintendent 
oi schools. The second floor contains, in addition to 
the school and recitation rooms, the school library and 
the office of the principal. The third floor contains 
the large school hall where the school assembles for 
devotional exercises, for music, and for public declam- 
atory exercises. It contains also two rooms fitted for 
the teaching of instrumental and free-hand drawing, 
and containing a large number of casts and studies. 
An arrangement of gaslights and screens gives facili- 
ties for the study of light and shade effects. The 
corridors are high and wide, the staircases of easy 
ascent, the cloak-rooms and teachers* apartments light 
and ample. Electric bells and speaking-tubes com- 
municate with the principal's room from all parts of 
the building, and the edifice, first occupied in 1874, 
and costing with the lot about $110,000, is a model of 
comfort and convenience. From its upper windows a 
large portion of the city may be seen, and the windings 
of the beautiful Merrimack traced for a long distance. 
The halls and school-rooms arc adorned with pictures 
and busts, gifts from the Alumni Association and the 
graduates and friends of the school. The Alumni 
Association is one of the oldest of such institutions. 
and perhaps the most prosperous. It gives two recep- 
tions during the year, imitations to which are eagerly 
sought, and it has a quite large fund safely invested, 



74 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

the income of which has been devoted for some time to 
the purchase of pictures for the beautifying of the 
school-room walls. 

The school has about 200 pupils. Its corps of 
teachers is a master, two submasters, four female 
assistants, and the instructor in music. The most of 
these teachers have been long connected with the 
school, and all have especial fitness for the departments 
of instruction under their charge. The Master is a 
graduate of Harvard College, the first submaster of 
Dartmouth, the second submaster of Brown. There 
are three full courses of study, each of four years, the 
Classical, the English and Classical, and the English. 
The traditions of the school are of high scholarship, 
and it is the constant aim of the officials to use the best 
methods and secure the best results. It has been the 
pride of the school to enter its sons at Harvard or 
Dartmouth or Williams or Amherst as well trained as 
the boys from Exeter or Andover, to place those who 
choose a scientific course in the Institute of Technol- 
ogy unconditioned, and to present its daughters fully 
prepared for the examinations at Wellesley, Smith, or 
the Harvard Annex. How intimately it is connected 
with the civic and social life of the place may be seen 
in the fact that among its former pupils are the mayor 
of the city, its civil engineer, many of its bank cashiers 
and tellers, several of the trustees of the Public Library, 
the superintendent of schools, the master of the High 
School, and the majority of the public teachers, mem- 
bers of the school board, and very many of those who, 
in the various literary clubs of Haverhill, promote the 



schools. 75 

social and literary interests of the city. Among those 
who have gone forth from this to other fields of labor 

and usefulness, and whom the Hiffh School has trained 
and prepared, are those who fill all grades of honor and 
of trust, — the president of the national senate, law- 
yers and preachers, scientists and business men. 

But be the power and success of the school shown 
in the lives of those who serve in more important or 
more humble offices, the school seeks always to leave 
those who go forth from it more mighty in mind, more 
mighty in heart, richer in the power of usefulness, to 
place them more surely under the guardianship of "the 
three great angels of Conduct, of Toil, and of Thought." 

The list of the present corps of teachers, and the 
course of study are appended: 

Clarence E. Kellev, A. M., Harvard '73, Master. 

James I). Home, A. B., Dartmouth '84, Sub- 
master. 

Walter O. Cartwright, A. B., Brown. '81, Sub- 
master. 

Harriet O. Nelson, English Literature and Latin. 

Mary S. Bartlett, Latin and Physiology. 

Nellie M. Moore, French and History. 

Mira \V. Bartlett. Geometry, Drawing, and Botany. 

\V. \Y. Keavs. Instructor in Music. 



76 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

HAVERHILL HIGH SCHOOL 



COURSE OF STUDY. 



English Course. 



First Term. 

Algebra. 
English History. 
Book-keeping. 
Civil Government. 
Drawing. 



First Term. 

Geometry. 

Physiology. 

Arithmetic. 

English. 

Drawing. 



First Term. 

French. 
Rhetoric. 
Physics. 
Greek History. 



FIRST YEAR. 

Second Term. 

Algebra. 
French History. 
Book-keeping. 
English. 

Drawing. 

SECOND YEAR. 

Second Term. 

Geometry. 
Botany. 
Arithmetic. 
English. 

Drawing. 

THIRD YEAR. 

Second Term. 

French. 

Roman History. 
Rhetoric. 
Physics. 



schools. 77 

fourth year. 
First Term. Second Term. 

French. French. 

English Literature. English Literature. 

Chemistry. Astronomy. 



English and Classical Course. 

first year. 
First Term. Second Term. 
Algebra. Algebra. 
English History. French History. 
Latin Grammar and Read- Latin Grammar and Read- 
er, Latin Composition. er, Latin Composition. 
Civil Government. English. 

SECOND YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term. 

( ieometry. Geometry. 

Physiology. Botany. 

Caesar, Latin Composition. Cicero's Orations. 

English. English. 

THIRD YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term. 

French. French. 

Greek History. Roman History. 

Virgil. Virgil. 

Physics. Physics. 



78 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

FOURTH YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term. 

French. French. 

English Literature. English Literature. 

Chemistry. Astronomy. 

Classical Course. 

first year. 
First Term. Second Term. 
Algebra. Algebra. 
English History. French History. 
Latin Grammar and Read- Latin Grammar and Read- 
er, Latin Composition. er, Latin Composition. 
Civil Government. English. 
second year. 
First Term. Second Term. 
Geometry. Geometry. 
Greek Grammar and Read- Greek Grammar and Read- 
er, er. 
Caesar, and Latin Composi- Cicero's Orations. 

tion. Sight Latin. English. 
English. 

THIRD year. 
First Term. Second Term.- 
Algebra. Algebra. 
Xenophon, Greek Compo- Xcnophon, Greek Compo- 
sition, sition. 
Greek History. Roman History. 
Virgil, Sight Latin, Latin Virgil, Sight Latin, Latin 

Composition. Composition. 

Physics. Physics and Astronomy. 



SCHOOLS. 79 

FOURTH YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term. 

French, English Literature, French, English Litera- 

Geometry. ture, Geometry. 

Greek. Greek. 

Latin. Latin. 

General Exercises. 



Compositions by all pupils. Vocal Music each week. 
Declamations by boys. 



A few rods west of the new High School building 
stands the "outgrown shell," — the old dwelling of 
the school, — now occupied by the Whittier grammar 
and primary schools. The seven or eight elms on the 
beautiful lawn in front of the building- may give the 
pupils in the hot summer days a grateful idea of 
academic shades and possibly the inscription High 
School, still allowed to remain on the facade of the 
building, may remind the pupils of what yet lies above 
them. There is no building in the city around which 
throng so many reminiscences. The land on which it 
stands was given in 1826 as a site for an academy, and 
the building was dedicated in 1S27. The orator was 
the Hon. Leverett Saltonstall of Salem, and the poet, 
"a tall, slight, distinguished-looking but bashful youth 
of nineteen, with strikingly beautiful eyes," was John 



80 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

G. Whittier, who had just entered the school. Whit- 
tier was introduced to Miss Arethusa Hall, the pre- 
ceptress, by the Hon. James H.Duncan as "a young- 
man who at the shoemaker's bench often hammered 
out fine verses." 

Fifty-seven years later a number of the surviving 
alumni of that old academy held a reunion in honor of 
Whittier, at which the beloved singer was present and 
for which he wrote a touching poem, — 

1827- 1885. 

"The gulf of seven and fifty years 
We stretch our welcoming hands across ; 
The distance but a pebble's toss 

Between us and our youth appears. 

" For in life's school we linger on, 
The remnant of a once full list. 
Conning our lesson, undismissed. 

With faces to the setting sun. 



"The eyes grown dim to pleasant things 
Have keener sight for bygone years, 
And sweet and clear, in deafening ears. 

The bird that sang at morning sings." 

The upper room, Academy Hall, was a place for 
lectures and balls and religious meetings, where "grave 



SCHOOLS. 81 

and gay alternate chased." The room below, the old 
school-room, has faintly echoed to the maiden "speak- 
ing" of sonic who afterwards won the applause ol 
listening senates, and many who later spoke in the 
pulpit, on the platform, or at the bar. In [841 the 
Academy became a High School. The building has 
been remodeled once or twice to suit the growing 
needs, and in [869, al an expense oi about $12,000, 
was extensively changed, while still keeping in its 
general external appearance the features of the old 
academy. The school has four teachers. The princi- 
pal. Miss Sarah S. Xovcs. though still on the sunny 
side of life, has taught in Haverhill schools for thirty 
years, and had a share in the training of many of the 
successive cite governments, the school committee and 
the teachers. A short distance farther up Winter Street 
stands the Winter Street School building containing 
about 500 scholars, under the charge oi twelve teachers. 
the principal being Mr. Charles W. Haley. This 
school is of high grade, and sends annually about fort} 
pupils to the High School. The present building was 
built in 1856 and was dedicated with an address by the 
Hon. George S. Boutwell. It has since then under- 
gone various changes to accommodate the growing 
school population. 

The School Street Grammar School, under the 
charge of Mr. Fred Gowing, has about 300 pupils, with 
eieht teachers. This school has been established tor 
fifty years, although, like the other grammar schools, it 
has outgrown one dwelling after another during that 
time, and sent its overflow to other ami newly created 
schools. 




CURRIER SCHOOL. 



SCHOOLS. 83 

There had long been a grammar school on Wash- 
ington Street, a most delightful place when Haverhill 
was a village. In the stirring days of the rebellion its 

boys saw the sons of the village match past its gates 
on their way to the war; they saw the gallant hosts of 
Maine go by on the railroad just west; they saw also 
the home-coming ol those who went forth, some with 
the cherished flag wrapped round their coffined forms, 
some marching beneath its stained and torn but vet 
victorious folds; and, through all the days ol' excite- 
ment, ol' grief, of waiting, of hoping, ol' victory, the 
nation's flag, made by the daughters ol' the school, 
floated from its upper window. The school — and the 
other grammar schools also — has its roll of honor, the 
list of its scholars who poured out their lite-blood tor the 
nation's defence. The lion. George H. Carleton, the 
late mayor of the city, was its master in those days of 
action when its sons learned a practical lesson in 
patriotism. Later, trade invaded the quiet street, and 
tall brick buildings, bustling hives of industry, crowded 
back the quiet cottages, and made the removal ol" the 
school necessary. Following the "course of empire," 
Horace Greeley's advice, and the growth of the city, it 
went west, and on the fifth of June, [873, occupied a 
new home on Silver Hill. The building was so 
superior to any other in the town that the school report 
says of it that its "prominence and superiority over all 
the surrounding structures is a correct indicator ol' the 
relative position which our educational system holds 
among the agencies of society as now constituted in 
our country." 



It. 



i 




/I 



S< HOOLS. 85 

As illustrating the growth of the city westward in 
the last fifteen years, it is interesting to note, that, 
when the Currier School was opened, it was current 
opinion that so large a building never could be used. 
It contained eight large school-rooms and a school hall. 
Three of these rooms were opened with an attendance 
of [98 scholars. Four rooms have since been added, 
and to-day twelve rooms are occupied, with an atten- 
dance of about 500, while two large brick primary 
schools of six and eight rooms respectively have been 
built in addition to accommodate that district. 

The principal of this school is a woman. Miss Mary 
A. Tappan, who has been at the head of the school 
since the building was erected. It is possible that 
Haverhill recognizes the equality of the sexes more 
than any other city, for it pays the principal of this 
school the same salary that the male principals of the 
other grammar schools receive. 

For some years now a training school for teachers 
has been in operation, and many of the most successful 
primary teachers are graduates of it. It is under the 
charge of a principal and an assistant principal. The 
number of pupil teachers is limited to sixteen. These 
must be graduates of the High School, or must succes- 
fully pass an examination upon prescribed subjects. 
The course of training is a year and a halt", and the 
work is that of the tour lower grades of the school 
course. 'The school has 200 scholars, and the pupil 
teachers, in additional to the theory of teaching and the 
normal work, are trained and tested by the care, the 
discipline, and the teaching of the tour schools in the 



"*1 ■ ^sisj 











SCHOOLS. 87 

building. The rank of this school is high, and appli- 
cations to enter it come not only from the young ladies 
of the city, but from other cities and towns. The 
pupil teachers are subjected to constant examination, 
and to careful and kindly criticism, and receive certifi- 
cates which state for what grade of teaching they are 
best adapted. Those who fail in the essential requi- 
sites of a teacher are, alter careful trial, advised of their 
failure and quietly withdrawn from the school. The 
existence ol this school shows the desire and care of 
Haverhill to obtain well trained and tested teachers for 
the youngest pupils. 

Of the other grammar and primary schools it is 
needless to speak in detail. 'The same care, the same 
course of study, the same desire to do the best possible 
work is in them all. Sufficiently abundant in number 
and convenient in position to avoid large numbers or 
long distances, they leave no reasonable excuse for 
any child's not enjoying their privileges. 

For those to whom private schools seem a neces- 
sity, Haverhill is most delightfully situated. There 
are private kindergarten schools for the youngest 
pupils, and private home schools for delicate or back- 
ward children of more advanced years. The Irish 
Catholic parent may send his children to the school of 
St. James, and the French Catholics have also a school 
of their own. Across the river the well known Brad- 
ford Academy and the Carleton School offer their ad- 
vantages, while the famous schools of Andover and 
Exeter are reached by a lew minute's ride. In neigh- 
boring towns the old Dummer Academy in Byfield, 



88 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

and the new Sanborn Academy in Kingston, each 
under most excellent management, invite to more quiet 
and peaceful halls of learning. The colleges of Har- 
vard and Tufts, and the various institutions of Boston 
are an hour's ride away, and the railroad offers almost 
hourly facilities for reaching them. 

But, up to the very entrance to the university, it is 
needless for any parent of Haverhill to seek training for 
his child elsewhere than in its public schools. What 
they mav lack it is the purpose of the city to furnish, 
what they may do it is its purpose to do excellently, 
while in their breadth and extent of instruction it is its 
ambition to have them unexcelled, for it believes the 
public school to be the most powerful social factor in 
promoting its own material, moral, and intellectual 
well-being, and in magnifying and ennobling the gilt 
of citizenship. Quid munus Rcipitbl iccc ma/us, 
meliusve, afferre possumus quam si juventutem 
docemus ci bene erudimus! 



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 















\ wii (H 51 lioOL. 


S u 

1 3 


V J. 

= 


c 
g 


•/! 

u J: 

Z 'J 

| 5 


e <* 

5.3 




High, 


7 


T 97 


19 


$7550 


$75,000 


Winter St. Grammar, 


12 


45^ 


12 


6850 


30,000 


Whittier 


4 


t 5 6 


4 


23OO 


I 5 ,000 


School St. 


s 


282 


7 


485O 


1 0,000 


Currier " 


I 2 


174 


1 j 


685O 


^O.OOO 


Portland St. Tra. School. 


*4 


201 


4 


1 88< . 


15,000 


Bowley, 


5 


205 


7 


37°° 


1 5 .000 


Wingate, 


6 


229 


7 


3 2 S° 


I o.OOO 


Groveland St. Grammar. 


4 


1 5 7 


5 


2200 


r 5 ,000 


Locust St. Primary, 


2 


to6 


2 


1000 


6,000 


Chestnut St. " 


4 


165 


4 


_> 1 oi I 


15,000 


Pond St. 




48 




500 


[,500 


Tilton's Cor. " 




34 




300 


[,500 


Mill Vale Union, 




[9 




500 


8< H . 


Saunders' I Iill Union, 




13 




500 


800 


Corliss Hill 




10 




500 


I .1 H II > 


Rocks Village 




5i 




IOOO 


2,000 


Kenoza Avenue, 




20 




1 J<) 


[ ,200 


North Avenue, 




25 




5 o( ) 


1,000 


North Main St. 




3° 




500 


1 ,800 


Monument St. 




72 




1 000 


2,5 < K) 


Broadway, 




1 2 




500 


I .< H K ) 


North Broadway, 




•7 




I-" 


1 .000 


Ayer's Village, 


2 


1" 


1 


8< x > 


-'.^OO 


Lowell Avenue, 


I 


[8 


1 


420 


S. .< ) 


Eve'g School. Males. 


7 


146 


6 


6oi 




Females, 


3 


87 


2 


-l< 




Drawing, 


2 


"5 


> 


30* 




" " Book-keep. 


I 


33 


1 


[20 





Oroanized Activity, 



Haverhill's ecclesiastical history reads very much 
like that of so many of the older New England settle- 
ments, to whose inhabitants religious observances were 
meat and drink. Inspired to leave their native land 
and seek a lodgment in the wilderness by their inbred 
convictions in regard to the forms and methods of 
religion, it was inevitable, that there should be, to their 
minds, no distinction between religious and secular 
government, between taxes for police and taxes for 
preachers, between town and parish. Difficult as it 
may be for US to comprehend their intimate and in- 
alienable association of the secular and the spiritual. 
to our minds and in our day so dissimilar, it was never- 
theless for many years a tact, and a tact of great 
moment in the management of public affairs and in the 
growth of towns. In Haverhill, the town and the 
parish were identical tor nearly a hundred and thirty 
years, town meetings and the services Oi the Sabbath 
being held in the same building, at once the town- 



02 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

house and the parish meeting-house. In the town 
books and by the town clerk were preserved the 
records of such transactions as would now be con- 
sidered as relating entirely to the various religious 
societies but which were then necessarily a part of the 
town's business. 

In 1728 the town had become so large as to make 
it a matter of convenience for its inhabitants to divide 
it into two parishes, and later into more, so that those 
who lived in the remoter parts need not be obliged to go 
so far for worship. The parish meetings, having be- 
come, therefore, gatherings of a part of the people only, 
became also, perforce, distinct from the town meetings. 
Still, however, dwellers in the parish were, in the 
nature of things, by virtue of their residence, owners of 
the meeting-house, attendants upon its services, con- 
tributors to the support of preaching. At this time, 
and for forty years later, if any resident of the parish 
omitted to pa)- the parish rates, the parish collector was 
empowered to " take distress" on him and obtain the 
withheld rates by the sale of his seized goods. One 
John White, whose rates were gotten by this summary 
process, sued the parish to recover them, but lost his 
cause. The ancient rights of the parish being thus 
upheld, doubtless the parish officers were willing to 
become less strenuous in their exercise, and compro- 
mises were effected between the parish and its unwil- 
ling rate-payers until, a few years later, a special 
statute exempted from the payment of the parish rates 
such of the parishioners as presented to the authorities 
certificates of their membership of dissenting churches 



*r£^ 




FIRST PARISH CHl'RL'H. 



Q4 HAVERHILL. MASSACHUSETTS. 

and of their payment of church rates therein. The 
relationship between town and parish continued so 
close that the town meetings were still held in the 
meeting-house of the first parish: and it was not until 

- that the parish asserted its especial proprietorship 
by demanding payment from the town for the use of its 
building. Not until twenty years later did the town 
have a distinct assembling-place of its own. The dif- 
ficulties in the way of calling parish and church 
synonymous were exemplified in Haverhill in the 
early part of this century by the disagreement between 
the Unitarian and Trinitarian wings of the Congrega- 
tion alists, a familiar story in many New England towns. 
These occasioned a series of manceuverings for techni- 
cal rights and possessions, and reached a climax at 
length in an open rupture between the two sects. 

jensions of the same general sort had arisen also in 
the West Parish, where the I niversalists were more 
numerous, which were finally settled bv mutual agree- 
ment as to which should be " the parish." 

Already, however, in 1765, had occured the first 
break in the unanimity of religious worship in the town 
by the formation of a Baptist church, the first in the 
county, the evident declaration of what was to be a 
persistent rebellion against the traditional " standing 
order." It was not. however, until the next century 
that farther pr _ - was made in the cultivation of 
a diversity of relig - belief, but from that time on 
denominations arose and multiplied until now. in 188 1, 
there are twenty-four church organizations, divided 
among eleven different denominations. — including Uni- 



ORGANIZED ACTIVITY. 



95 



tarian and Trinitarian Congregationalists, Universalists, 
Baptists, Freewill Baptists, Adventists, Methodists, 
Episcopalians, Christians. Roman Catholics, and Spirit- 
ualists. The Trinitarians have five churches scattered 
over the city; the Baptists, five j the Unitarians, Uni- 




CENTER LIUKl'II. 



versalists, Episcopalians, Methodists, and Roman Cath- 
olics, two each; and the resl one. Some oi these 
edifices are remarkable for beauty and adaptedness. 

The present church editiee of the First Parish was 
built in iNj; to replace one that was destroyed by tire 



0,6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

on the first clay of January of that year. When built it 
was placed with the front to the south, but in 1884 the 
structure was raised, enlarged, and turned to face the 
east. At that time a large and commodious vestry was 
constructed underneath, an addition made to the rear, 
making room for the organ and choir, the old win- 
dows were replaced by rich and tasteful designs in 
cathedral glass, the interior was frescoed in agreeable 
colors, and the exterior painted in color similar to the 
old red sandstone: The audience room has a seating 
capacity of about 500. The vestry beneath, which has 
assumed the name of Unity Hall, will accommodate 
something more than 300. Roth rooms arc light and 
airy, and furnish a convenient and desirable church 
home for the men and women who worship there. 
The church is situated on the corner of Main Street and 
Crescent Place, immediately in front of the foot of 
Summer Street. The present pastor began his labors 
with the parish in October of 1881, and a good degree 
of prosperity has attended the endeavors of the people. 
Their hope is to make religion a practical application 
of the principles of human brotherhood to the social 
and business affairs of daily lite, in the belief that in- 
tegrity and sincere manliness are the foundations of all 
success. 

The Center church is located on Main Street direct- 
ly opposite the City Hall. The edifice was completed 
and dedicated on December 17, 1834. It originally 
varied alike in appearance and arrangement from the 
present structure. The entrance was adorned by two 
massive pillars, "one on the right hand, the other on 



ORGANIZED ACTIVITY 



97 



the left," in imitation of those at tin- entrance of Solo- 
mon's temple at Jerusalem. The gable was orna- 
mented by belfry and spire. In 1859 the old gallery 




* •■-.. 



NORTH l'IH'IU'11, 



was torn clown, and the walls were finished in imitation 
ot" heavy stone work. The auditorium was enlarged in 
order to make room lor additional pews. The tower 



98 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

and spire were built at this time. The church was re- 
dedicated January 27, i860. In 1878 the interior of 
the church was again remodeled. The entire building 
was raised for the purpose of constructing in the 
basement a lecture-room, dining-room, ladies' parlor, 
kitchen, and library. A galler}' was built across the 
western end of the auditorium, a new pulpit was fur- 
nished, and the walls and ceilings were appropriately 
frescoed at a cost of nine thousand dollars. The pas- 
tors of the church have been: The Rev. Joseph Whit- 
tlesey, installed Aug. 28, 1833; the Rev. Edward A. 
Lawrence, D. D., installed May 4, 1839; the Rev. 
Benjamin F. Hosford, installed May 21, 1845; the Rev. 
Theodore T. Munger, D. D., installed Jan. 6, 1864; the 
Rev. Charles M. Hyde. D. D., installed Nov. 15, 1870; 
the Rev. Henry E. Barnes. D. D., installed Nov. 23, 
187b, and the present pastor, the Rev. Edwin C. llol- 
man, installed Dee. 15, 1886. 

The corner-stone of the North church, a substan- 
tial wooden edifice erected by a society whieh was an 
offshoot from that connected with the Center Church, 
was laid July 20. 1859. at the corner of Main and 
White streets, at the top of the hill which there rises 
from the river with a pretty steep ascent. It was dedi- 
cated Feb. 21, i860. It is ninety feet long and sixty 
teet wide, containing one hundred and thirty-two pews, 
with a seating capacity of about seven hundred. It 
has in the basement a chapel, with parlor, kitchen, and 
smaller rooms; is finished with a tower, belfry, and 
spire, with a eloek given in large part by residents of 
the neighborhood, and cost about $30,000. The first 



IOO HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

pastor, the Rev. Raymond H. Seeley, D. D., remained 
with the church from his installation in i860 until his 
lamented death in 1885, when the Rev. Nehemiah 
Boynton, who had been installed as associate pastor the 
previous year, assumed the pastorate. The latter re- 
signed in 1888, and in 1889 the Rev. James W. Bixler 
was chosen his successor. The church has a member- 
ship of about live hundred, the Sunday-school of about 
six hundred; and the affairs of the society are in a 
very nourishing condition. 

Trinity church was organized October 8, 1855, anc ^ 
the Rev. W. C. Brown was its first rector. The cor- 
ner-stone of the present building, on White Street, was 
laid Ma) 7 15, 1856, and the first service in the com- 
pleted church was held on Christmas of that year. It 
was consecrated Jan. 7, 1857, by Bishop Eastburn. 
Upon Mr. Brown's resignation in 1858, the Rev. 
Charles H. Seymour became the rector. In 1865 an 
addition was made on the southerly side of the build- 
ing, increasing the seating capacity to 500. Mr. Sey- 
mour resigned his position in 1868 and in July of that 
year the Rev. S. C. Thrall succeeded him. In 1869, 
by the exertions of the parish, with generous aid from 
citizens of the town and liberal donations from friends 
of the church abroad, a chime of bells was placed in 
the church tower, being at that time and for some years 
after the only chime of bells in Essex County. Dr. 
Thrall resigned in 187 1 and was succeeded in 1872 by 
the Rev. Charles A. Rand. In 1880, the twenty-fifth 
anniversary of the formation of the parish was cele- 
brated by a convention of the bishops and clergy of the 



ORGANIZED ACTIVITY. 



IOI 



diocese, and about a thousand dollars was expended in 
improving and beautifying the church. Mr. Rand's 
death in 1884, by the wrecking of the steamship on 




FIRST T5APTIST CHURCH. 



which he was journeying to Florida, ended a pastorate 
6f twelve years and deprived the parish of a faithful 
and beloved teacher. In [885, the present rector, the 



I0 2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Rev. David J. Avers, assumed the pastoral charge. 
Many improvements have been made during the past 
Jew years. A rectory (the bequest of a former parish- 
ioner) has been added to the property of the church; 
a new organ has been placed in the chancel; an elabo- 
rate and costly font, a rood screen, a pulpit, a chancel 
rail, and many other beautiful gifts have added greatly 
to the beauty of the interior and to the convenience of 
worship. 

After building three meeting-houses on Merrimack 
Street, the First Baptist Religious Society erected its 
present commodious and attractive home on Main 
Street in the year 1883. This church edifice may be 
elassed with the largest of the state, the place covering 
about fourteen thousand square feet of land. The 
building is divided in plan into entrance porches and 
tower, auditorium, choir, and chapel. The tower is 
nineteen feet square at the base and rises one hundred 
and forty feet. The auditorium seats comfortably one 
thousand persons. With its rose windows, immense 
chandeliers, and large organ, this is one of the most 
beautiful houses of worship in New England. The 
whole property, including land and parsonage on New- 
comb Street, has a value of $100,000. The twenty- 
three members who constituted this church in 1765 
have increased to lour hundred in 1S89. 

The first Universalist church edifice in Haverhill 
was built in 1825 and dedieated the thirtieth of 
November of that year. The dedieatorv sermon was 
preached by the Rev. Hosea Ballon, and the prayer of 
dedication was made by the Rev. Thomas Whittemore. 




FIRST UNIVERSALIST till RCH, 



104 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



The building was of brick, 40 feet in width by 55 feet 
in length. A steeple, heating aparatus, and bell were 
provided some years later. The present edifice was 
erected in 1855. It is of wood, 48 feet by 75 feet in 
dimension, and is located on the site of the old church 
on Summer Street, corner of Bartlett Avenue. It has a 
seating capacity of about five hundred. Some years 
ago a chapel was built beneath the church, and the 
audience room has been several times extensively 
renovated. A large and fine organ is now located on 
the right of the pulpit. The church has had fourteen 
pastors, the longest pastorate being that of the Rev. 
Cabin Damon, who, in two settlements, served the 
church lor nineteen years. The present pastor is the 
Rev. }. C. Snow, D. D., who was called to the charge 
of the church in November, 1882, and entered upon his 
duties the following January. The congregation is of 
good size and embraces members of the prominent and 
influential families of the city. 

In the fall of 1884 was laid the corner-stone of 
St. James' Roman Catholic church. This structure, 
built in the conventional Gothic style of architecture, is 
175 feet long and 75 feet wide, with a seating capacity 
sufficient to accommodate 1400 people. Its steeple is 
215 feet in height. The cost of this building when 
completed, which happy result it is expected will be 
reached within two years, will be $130,000. The 
whole edifice is pronounced by competent judges to be 
one of the finest pieces of architectural church work in 
New England. In addition to this there are connect- 
ed with the parish a parochial residence, a convent, 




ST. JAMES' ROMAN CATHOLK CHURCH. 



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jo8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

here and elsewhere. With the Revolution, however, 
came wider opportunities and greater necessities. The 
times made men. For this war, as for all the others, 
Haverhill furnished its full share of the rank and file 
and also men -of the requisite stuff for higher duties. Its 
sons contributed to the roll of commissioned officers 
one colonel and four brigadier-generals of the Revolu- 
tionary army, the chief medical officer of the United 
States Army at the close of the Revolution, a briga- 
dier-general of the war of 1812, and another general, 
"the most conspicuous soldier of Massachusetts " in 
the late war. himself grandson of one of Haverhill's 
most eminent men, Bailey Bartlett, for forty-one years 
high sheriff of Essex and four years a representative to 
the Congress of the United States. Later Haverhill 
sent to Washington another representative for four 
years, James H. Duncan; and the present United 
States senator from Kansas and president of the Senate 
is considered in Haverhill as properly one of its sons. 

In other walks of life, however, the natives of 
Haverhill have sought and found distinction. Among 
them have been Daniel Appleton, founder of the well- 
known publishing house of D. Appleton and Company; 
Benjamin Greenleaf, excellent mathematician and au- 
thor of a series of widely used mathematical text-books; 
Harriet Newell, one of the pioneers in the establish- 
ment of the missionary system in India and whose sad 
death at the age of nineteen hallows her memory. 
Haverhill's most distinguished scholar was undoubted- 
ly Charles Short, at one time president of Kenyon Col- 
lege, Ohio, and at the time of his death professor of the 




PUBLIC LIBRARY. 



IIO HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Latin language and literature at Columbia College, 
New York. 

The most distinguished native of Haverhill is the 
poet John Greenleaf Whittier, who, born in a low- 
roofed farm-house, now two hundred years old, in the 
eastern parish of the town in 1807, spent here also his 
youth and early manhood. He worked on his father's 
farm, got the usual schooling of the country boy in the 
district where he lived, and, later, supplemented this 
scanty education by attendance upon the Haverhill 
Academy, where he himself' afterwards taught. He 
edited one of the Haverhill papers for a time and then 
departed for a wider field of usefulness. To the home 
of his boyhood his heart has always turned. His poems 
breathe the air of Essex, and paint its landscape, its 
home life, its traditions. His birthplace, the Mecca to 
which the steps of reverent pilgrims turn each year, 
has been celebrated by himself in " Snow-Bound." It is 
in itself the simplest of natural scenes, not unfitting the 
simple nature of the man, a low and rude house stand- 
ing near the road-side, where the stage-road to Ames- 
bury is intersected by a cross-road. He describes the 
familiar scene as the old farm-house nestling in its 
valley, hills stretching off to the south and green 
meadows to the east; the small stream which came 
noisily down its ravine, washing the old garden wall, 
and softly lapping on fallen stones and mossy roots of 
beeches and hemlocks; the tall sentinel poplars at the 
gateway; the oak forest, sweeping unbroken to the 
northern horizon; the grass-grown carriage-path, with 
its rude and crazy bridge." 




RESIDENCE OF MR. |- H. W [NCHELL. 



i 12 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

The spot is even now secluded and peaceful, but 
far more lonely in his day, when it was scarce visited 
but by the weekly stage. Here, however, were formed 
the purity of soul, the unselfishness, the regard for 
principle, the love of freedom, and the carelessness of 
personal consequences that have marked his career. 
Here, also, he fellowshiped with the musk-rat and the 
squirrel, learned the sources of the brooks and their 
pathways to the river, drank in the "old wives' tales" 
of the neighborhood, and thus, in unconsciousness, 
wrapped the mantle of the poet around him. In his 
own words, — 

" 1 was rich in flowers and trees. 
Humming-birds and honey-bees; 
For my sport the squirrel played, 
Plied the snouted mole his spade; 
For my taste the blackberry cone 
Purpled over hedge and stone; 
Laughed the brook tor my delight. 
Through the day and through the night, 
Whispering at the garden wall, 
Talked with me from fall to tall; 
Mine the sand-rimmed pickerel pond. 
Mine the walnut slopes beyond, 
Mine, on bending orchard trees. 
Apples of Hesperides! " 

Whittier, though now a resident of Danvers or 
Amesbury, is beloved and revered in the city of his 
birth, where a club, formed in his honor, delights in 
remembering annually his birthday with some token of 
their regard. 




ESTATE OF THE LATE C. D. HUNKING. 



114 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

Of its public library Haverhill is, and may well be, 
proud. It is a perpetual monument to the liberality of 
its founder, the late E. J. M. Hale, who gave to the 
city the lot on which it stands, half the cost of the 
building, a legacy of a hundred thousand dollars, and 
other sums at various times, making a total of $174,- 
500. To this has recently been added a legacy of 
$15,000 from one of the trustees, lately deceased. In 
this institution were naturally absorbed the books of the 
Haverhill Library Association, which had hitherto en- 
deavored to supply the public need for reading matter. 
Its elegant and commodious building was erected in an 
excellent location, in 1 S 7 5 , at a cost of $50,000, by a 
Haverhill builder, after the plans and under the super- 
vision of a Haverhill architect. It is built of brick. 
having a frontage of seventy-two feet and a depth oi 
fifty-five, with three stories, respectively twelve, sixteen, 
and twenty feet high. The ample basement is devoted 
to the reception and storage of books, etc.; on the 
eastern side, the upper stories are occupied by the cir- 
culating library and reading-room; while on the west- 
ern side, the space ol both stories is converted into two 
lofty halls, broken only by galleries, and used, one for 
the distribution of books and one for a reference libra- 
ry. The walls and ceilings are beautifully frescoed, 
and the rooms and halls are adorned with abundant 
pictures and busts, including one of the only two casts 
of Houdon's Washington after the original statue, a 
bust and an oil painting of Whittier, and many classic 
engravings. 



Il6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

The library contains 45,000 volumes and loaned in 
1888, 58,132 books, or an average of 209 a day. The 
reading-room contains eighty-six newspapers, periodi- 
cals, and reviews, daily, weekly, monthly, and quar- 
terly, and affords abundant opportunities to the student 
of contemporary literature. The books in the refer- 
ence library have been selected with unusual care and 
are especially rich in the department of art. At the 
opening of the library, it was intrusted by the trustees 
to a gentleman of long experience in the public library 
of Boston, who has ever since continued in charge. 
The only condition imposed upon the city by the 
founder was that the city should meet the current 
expenses, and a large part of these are defrayed by the 
interest of a subsequent legacy from the founder, so 
that the annual cost to the city is but a trifling sum. 
It is. and is meant to be, of use to the student, the 
artist, the mechanic, and the casual reader; and it is 
an important factor in the social, educational, and 
literary growth of the city. It is not unlikely, that 
many of the social and literary clubs, for whose num- 
ber Haverhill is celebrated, owe, if not their origin, 
the stimulus of their later growth and success, to the 
opportunities afforded by this library. Its facilities, for 
a city of this size, cannot be surpassed, or its value 
over-estimated. 

Haverhill is a city in which the average man 
appears to good advantage and in which the extremes 
of riches and poverty do not abound. Poverty and 
riches exist, but not in the marked antithesis that ob- 
tains in some communities. Being thus a place in 



H8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. - 

which there arc many "well-to-do" but lew of the 
very rich or the very poor, it is essentially a demo- 
cratic city, where equality obtains without the need of 
offensive self-assertion. Many of its wealthy men have 
themselves worked, at the bench or elsewhere, and 
attained riches and position by their own exertions, 
and arc thus naturally in touch with those who are 
likely, later on, to come from the same bench to take 
their places. It follows, therefore, that there are com- 
paratively lew residences conspicuous among their 
fellows tor lavish architecture or luxurious adornment, 
although some of the less pretentious are noteworthy 
tor the evidence of an artistic sense and a trained taste 
in their furnishing. The stranger within Haverhill's 
gates is, however, always taken to drive through 
tf Birchbrow," the estate of Mr. Thomas Sanders, the 
present president of the Board of Trade, and to "Win- 
nikenni Hall," until recently owned by the late Dr. 
James R. Nichols, who came to this city on foot, a 
farmer's boy, to seek his fortune, and now the property 
of Mr. William G. Webb of Salem. Each of these 
charming homes rises from one of Haverhill's abun- 
dant hills to overlook a lake, and each bears witness, 
in location and structure, to the good taste of the 
builder. Open to the people of the city by the liber- 
ality of their owners, their grounds are practically pub- 
lic parks, their four or rive miles of roads affording a 
various landscape of hill, valley, and lake. Among resi- 
dences less removed from the more compact part of the 
city, but illustrative of comfortable dwellings and the 
home-building spirit of the people, are those of Mr. 



I2 o HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

James 1 1. Winchell, at the corner of Pleasant and Pecker 
Streets, in the older part of the city; of the Flunking 
estate, on the main avenue leading northward from the 
bridge, and of Mr. C. W. Arnold, some half mile be- 
yond; of Mr. S. Porter Gardner, recently erected on a 
very sightly elevation on the " Highlands;" of Mr. Jared 
M. Davis, in the thriving and finely located village of 
rf Riverside/' 

Haverhill, though not, as was said above, one of 
the places " where wealth accumulates and men de- 
cay," has yet some poor and unfortunate, and, having 
the occasion, lias also the willingness and the capacity 
to provide lor them. The Female Benevolent Society, 
which came into being soon after the war of 1812, has 
ever since been active in measures of relief for the 
needy and is still cordially supported as one of the 
institutions of the city as well as for the good its more 
than three hundred members accomplish. 

There was begun in 1858 a society since merged 
in the Old Ladies' Home Association, which was 
designed to provide for such women as might need it 
a home for their declining years. A commodious 
building, easy of access, was built for the purpose in 
1876 at a cost of ten thousand dollars, and has since 
afforded a comfortable retreat for many worthy 
women. The society has funds to the amount of 
nearly thirty thousand dollars, exclusive of the Home. 

The Children's Aid Society was the outgrowth of a 
disposition among some of the benevolent women of 
the city to provide destitute children with the care and 
comfort of home, whose plans were brought to a head 



122 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

by its formation in 1865. It was not, however, until 
187 1 that a building was obtained, to be used for the 
purpose; and this was replaced in 1884 with a hand- 
some brick building at a cost of twenty thousand 
dollars. The society, which was formed and is man- 
aged by women, now holds to its credit a fund of over 
fourteen thousand five hundred dollars, and real estate, 
exclusive of the Home, valued at ten thousand dollars. 
It has a hundred life members and over three hundred 
annual members, and maintains in its comfortable 
quarters over thirty-five children each year. 

The City Hospital owes its origin to the late E. J. 
M. Hale, who left to trustees a fund of fifty thousand 
dollars and a site for a hospital. The trustees were 
organized in 1882, but no active steps were taken until 
five years later, when another site was presented to the 
trustees by Mr. James H. Carleton. The buildings on 
it were at once remodeled for hospital purposes and 
formally opened in the last week of 1887. The hos- 
pital is managed by seven trustees, of whom the m;i) r or 
of the city is ex officio chairman, has an attending staff 
of six surgeons, and a consulting staff of five, and af- 
fords accommodations for thirty patients. Situated upon 
elevated land about a mile from the city, commanding 
a view of two lakes, it is admirably adapted to afford to 
its inmates cheerful surroundings and abundance of 
fresh air. The trustees still own the original site given 
them by Mr. Hale and derive the means for the main- 
tenance of the hospital in part from the proceeds of 
their invested funds and in part from the contributions 
of the charitable, who take a deep interest in the hos- 



124 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

pital as doing a needed and practical work. Within 
ten days of its opening its accommodations were taxed 
to the utmost by a terrible disaster upon the Boston and 
Maine railway, just across the river from Haverhill, by 
which thirty persons were injured and fourteen lost 
their lives. The hospital has cared for a little over a 
hundred patients during- the past year. 

Haverhill is remarkable for the number and variety 
of its clubs, — clubs of men and of women and of both, 
clubs for social, literary, scientific, religious, medical, 
legal, and culinary purposes. If it is hoped to further 
a " cause," to improve the mind, or to pass an occa- 
sional pleasant hour, a club is formed to do it. The 
whole network of social life is interwoven with clubs. 
Most note worth v, perhaps, among them is the Monday 
Evening Club, an association of gentlemen formed in 
i860, which has included in its membership many of 
Haverhill's foremost citizens and which has lost to-day 
none of its prestige. It has set a pattern which other 
cities have copied with advantage in the formation of 
similar associations, and there is also a second in 
Haverhill, the Fortnightly Club, founded after its 
fashion. These and like organizations serve as the 
useful stimulus to study and culture that every manu- 
facturing town is apt to need, and keep lit the flame of 
literature, early kindled here. During the siege of 
Boston, some of its well-born families, driven thence, 
found a warm welcome and a happy refuge here; and 
some staid on after the siege was raised, thus increas- 
ing the number of the cultured. In the early days of 
the Revolution, also, a part of the library of Harvard 



126 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

College was brought here for safe keeping, and it was 
even proposed to move the college here. 

Among the organizations of which sociability is the 
more distinctive feature is the Kenoza club, an associa- 
tion of gentlemen, who occupy a picturesque spot on 
the shore of Lake Kenoza. There is a grove, a house, 
with conveniences for cooking; and the place affords a 
pleasant retreat, not too far removed, from the noise 
and dust of the city. It is a favorite resort of pleasure 
parties and is likely to become more so, as the mem- 
bers of the club have in view various projects for 
increasing the attractiveness of the grounds and ex- 
tending the facilities for boating and fishing. 




CITY HALL REBUILT IN 1889. 



Shoes and Si k >emakin( ;. 



Years ago, about the beginning of the nineteenth 
century, when Haverhill laid off its swaddling-clothes 
as a village and assumed the dignity of a town, it was 
noteworthy as a market-place. On the bright summer 
days the principal street of the place was tilled with 
the wagons of the farmers who came in from New 
Hampshire, and even from the far off hills of the 
Green Mountain state, to exchange their produce for 
other necessities of lite; and it was from this that the 
shoe business, as a business, had its origin. Through- 
out all the little hamlets that are scattered over the 
granite hills of New Hampshire could in those days, 
and can even now, be found little shops of one room 
each, in which the sturdy farmers eked out the exist- 
ence which they with difficulty maintained upon their 
scanty farms. Throughout the winter months these 
workmen toiled over the lap-stone, making the shoes 
which, with the advent of spring, found a ready market 



130 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

in the town. The transition from this state of affairs to 
the concentration of the business in the town itself was 
a natural it" somewhat slow one. 

The shoes thus made were no sooner seen than 
appreciated. They were well and honestly made, of 
good material, and for durability and looks could not 
be surpassed in any section of the country. The 
demand soon exceeded the supply, and, consequently, 
some effort must be made to increase the production. 
Moreover, the younger members of these artizans' 
families were ambitious. They longed for some wider 
field of action and were not satisfied to tread the paths 
their fathers trod, to live confined within the narrow 
circumference of their native village, while, naturally 
enough, there was not room for them within the w r alls 
of the old homestead. The "town" offered them 
greater possibilities, and it was to the town that their 
steps naturally turned. The result was inevitable. 
Haverhill shoes were in demand. By combining their 
efforts, working constantly and with system, with a 
supply of material afforded by increased capital, two 
men could accomplish, in the town, what four men 
could not do on the isolated country farms; and thus it 
was that the first shoe manufactory was established 
within the limits of Haverhill itself. 

But limited capital, comparatively speaking, was re- 
quired. In those days the jobbers sought the manufact- 
urers and every Haverhill establishment was sure that 
its products would at once find ready sale. For years 
there was fr nothing like leather," and, although com- 
petition existed, although Haverhill was not alone in 



SHOES AND SHOBMAKING. [3] 

finding out the advantages oi the trade, yet it can be 
said in all sincerity that the quality of the work done 
here was of a far higher order than that done else- 
where. The same characteristics which marked the 
shoes made in spare time devoted to their manufacture 
by the farmer shoemakers existed in the goods turned 
out from the manufactories. They were hand-made, re- 
liable, stylish, ,f tine " goods. Gradually the town grew ; 
the immigration to it from the surrounding country 
increased; new factories were opened; men with no 
other capital than their sturdy arms, inbred knowledge 
of their trade, and courage started out in business for 
themselves, made by their own labor their samples, 
and. when they found a sale tor their goods, hired 
assistance as it was needed, increasing their facilities 
as the business grew. Then some happy genius 
bethought himself that more work could be done if it 
was sub-divided into its natural divisions, it, instead of 
one man making the whole shoe in all its details — cut- 
ting, sewing, lasting, etc. — from start to completion, 
one should devote himself wholly to cutting up the 
stock, another to fitting it, and so on. Thus originated 
the so called " team " work, — five, six. or more men who 
banded themselves together, and, cither as employers 
or on the co-operative plan, were able to do much more 
work, with far greater comfort and ease to themselves. 
Thus the industry made a slow natural growth, ever 
increasing, but with far from giant strides, until the 
great civil war broke out. The impetus given to the 
trade and in tact to all other trades by this "blessing in 
disguise." for. despite the horrors, sorrow, and indi- 



I32 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

vidual misery caused by it, it is useless to deny that the 
full resources and possibilities of our country were 
brought out and marvelouslv expanded by the War of 
the Rebellion, is too well known to demand any ex- 
tended notice in an article of this character. 

The impulse thus given has, however, completely 
revolutionized the shoe business. The introduction of 
machinery has enabled the production to be enormous- 
ly increased, while at the same time it has lowered its 
cost. It has done away entirely with the old order of 
things, "team " work no longer has an existence, while 
a successful manufacturer of fifty or even twenty-five 
years ago would find himself entirely at a loss to com- 
prehend or carry out the various ramifications which are 
now the ordinary details of the trade. Some faint idea 
of how the business has grown may be gleaned from 
the statement, that in 1832 there were twenty-eight 
firms engaged in the manufacture of shoes in Haver- 
hill; in 1837, forty-two; while at the present time 
there are fully two hundred firms, giving employment 
to fifteen thousand operatives, distributing annually 
more than $2,000,000 in wages, and shipping each 
year over two hundred thousand cases, the shipment 
the past year reaching the enormous total of 250,338 
eases. 

Through all the time, amid adversity and prosper- 
ity, in good years and poor years, the city has always 
maintained its pristine reputation for turning out fine 
goods; and to-day, unlike all other shoe manufacturing 
places in the state, Haverhill prides itself, not so much 
on turning out more shoes per annum than any other 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 



^33 



city in the world, but on the fact that the hulk of the 
trade is in "fine" goods, whether hand or machine 
made. Almost every variety of leather foot-wear 
which the ingenuity of man can devise is manufactured 

here, including men's, women's, and children's hoots, 
shoes, and slippers; and some of these are of the SO 
called "cheap" goods. The latter is comparatively 
a new departure, for, as before stated, Haverhill made 
its reputation distinctively on line hand-sewed goods, and 
it was the skill and artistic taste displayed by the lead- 
ing exponents of that art of which St. Crispin is the 
patron saint that caused the steady and rapid increase 
ol business and the consequent growth and prosperity 
of the city. Every device that would add beauty to 
the appearance, comfort in the wearing, and that inex- 
pressible attribute that the French eall chic has been 
studied out and adopted by the loeal manufacturers. 

The ingenuity of that most ingenious race, the New 
England Yankee, has been taxed to the utmost under 
the fierce heat of competition, and the artistic beauty 
of many of the Haverhill shoes is without equal in their 
line, while the talent and skill displayed by the authors 
of the various conceits could hardly have failed to have 
given their possessors fortune and reputation, no mat- 
ter in what line of life's work exerted. This, with the 
fact that the shoemaker of the type of which Haverhill 
boasts is a practical mechanic, being born and bred to 
the business, is what, to-day, makes New England's 
shoes find a ready market all over the country and 
prevents the industry from being transplanted, to any 
great extent, to other sections of the country. For the 



134 



H \\ i Willi i , M VSS VCHl SI ii S. 



most part, the men now at the head ol the most pros- 
perous and active, and, consequently, largest manufac- 
the cit) were oner da} laborers at the bench, 
and theii acquaintance with the various departments oi 
shoemaking is a thoroughly practical and often a ver} 
useful one, man) a Haverhill shoe manufacturer step- 
in, in .in em cy, and taking hold oi some 
abandoned department of the work. 

\ the charactei oi the business has changed so has 
its needs, increased accommodations have been de- 
manded m\(\ supplied, and, as a result, the \ isitor to the 
once little market-town is confronted with acre after 
of handsome brick blocks oi five and six stories 
fitted up expressh to accommodate the business of making 
shoes l'o a casual visitor this is the first thing which 
attracts attention, and yet, should he visit the suburbs, 
he would find other manufactories of an even higher 
onvenience and adaptability to the 
purposes for which they are used is concerned. And 
this brings up a feature which Haverhill claims, and 
justly, will ensure the continued growth and extension 
of the business. In all quarters oi the city, convenient 
1 i ess, are desirable locations on which can be 
l S w hieh are just tar enough from retail 
v cheap in rent, isolated enough to 
bring insui ic< a minimum, and commodious 

furnish all possible accommodations, while 
at the same time capitalists sta id ready and willing to 
Id Such buildir e w anted. 

... \ of the times is toward 
man ut. . . i more and 



SHOES \\i> SHOEMAKING, 






more the almosl vital necessity oi having all theii work 
dour under their own supervision and In their own 
buildings; and it is this thai promises, most of all, to 
tend to the future growth <>i the shoe business in 
Haverhill and ol the city itself, since it promises to 
weaken the force oi two competitors thai have con- 
fronted it in the past, — the countn facton and the 
country workman. At the present time, the ten a< re 
ol closely crowded brick blocks, the isolated factories 
scattered through the suburbs, represent but a pail ol 
the shoe industn of the city; and any sketch <>f thai 
would be incomplete did it tail to mention tin- lael thai 

a large proportion oi the shoes sold l>\ Haverhill 
manufacturers were made outside the cit} limits. The 
same casual observer, it he continued t<> inspeel the 
city, could not tail to notice, drawn up before a factor} 
door, a huge express wagon, attached to which are 
tour horses, and loaded down with shoe-boxes. The 
team is that ol a "freighter," so called, and ii is receiv- 
ing boxes ol unfinished shoes, to be carried to some 

Country town in New Hampshire to be made up in 
just tin' same manner and in, perhaps, just the same 
kind ot shops and by the same elass ot workmen as 
were mentioned in the earlier pages of this article, in 
recount ing the origin oi the shoe business in Haverhill. 
There are some fifteen or twenty of these freighl 
making trips to the city dail\ or several times a week, 
covering distances <>i ten, twenty, forty, and even 

si\t\ miles, and in e\ er\ little hamlel through which 

the\ pass leaving materials to be made up into sh 

on their homeward trip, and taking awav the finished 



^6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

shoes on the journey to Haverhill. This business, 
while it has long outlasted its fellow, the old-fashioned 
stage line, is rapidly losing its comparative importance. 
"The mountain will not go to Mahomet, so Mahomet 
must <-•() to the mountain;" and the relative decrease in 
the freighting of shoes means, that the workmen are 
coming to the city, and that, under the present compe- 
tition, the cheapest and best work is done directly 
under the eye of the manufacturer; 

There have been in Haverhill, and are even now, 
occasional desertions from the ranks of the manufact- 
urers by those whose energy and ambition hope to 
rind elsewhere better fields for the display of these 
qualities, who look tor less embarrassments, larger op- 
portunities, more compliant workmen, and who expect 
better returns for their invested capital, elsewhere than 
in Haverhill. But they look in vain. The endeavor is 
as futile as to stem the natural current of population 
city-ward. The same tendency which settles half of 
our inhabitants in cities has its influence in determining the 
centers of manufacture, and they who oppose it strive 
in vain. The early shoemaker, as has been said, was 
the owner of a farm, the possessor of land, who supple- 
mented the rewards of this calling by the proceeds of 
another and whose attachment to and ownership of his 
home determined his permanent residence there. 
With the great increase in demand and production 
of goods, and the necessary multiplication of workmen, 
arose a proportionate number of shoemakers who had 
no homes of their own until in later years their ac- 
cumulated wages supplied them. These naturally 



SttOES AND SIIOI.M AkIXG. 137 

drifted to the city, where work was more likely to be 
plenty and permanent, where boarding-places abounded, 
and where the opportunities of a city offered what 
would be to them alluring advantages. Thus, in the 
nature of things, the city throve at the expense of the 
country. 

This is not, however, the only or the main reason 
for Haverhill's growth. Tt is a familiar maxim that 
"nothing succeeds like success," and, it having once 
been known and understood that Haverhill was a 
center tor the manufacture of w fine " goods, the best 
workmen, when in search of employment, turned their 
steps hither, expecting to find work and wages propor- 
tioned to their skill. The custom, once formed, always 
obtained. And thus, as the great corporations of Man- 
chester, Lowell. Fall River, can make cottons and 
woolens to the best advantage; as the carriage-builder 
of Amesbury and Merrimac can make the same vehicle 
cheaper than his competitors in places where carriage- 
making is not the main industry; as, in general, the 
best results are obtained at the lowest cost where 
skilled labor naturally congregates; so in Haverhill the 
maker of shoes can turn stock into manufactured goods 
better and cheaper here because the skilled workmen 
are drawn to his factory by a natural law. The con- 
centration of skilled labor at certain points, in obedi- 
ence to forces that cannot always be defined, but which 
can never be successfully opposed, has made possible 
the origin and growth of the industrial centers oi New- 
England. 



138 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

The business of shoemaking once well established 
here, the dictates of convenience, economy, and good 
business management alike suggest to the manufacturer 
the advantage of pursuing it in Haverhill. If a man 
falls sick, another skilled workman, not a mere stop- 
gap, is ready to take his place to carry on his familiar 
work. Does the machinery break down, other manu- 
facturers are ready to lend, or the broken pieces can be 
supplied from neighboring stores at a moment's notice. 
If a shortage arises in one or another of the various 
odds and ends that enter into the making of a shoe, all 
of them can be had at once from the stock dealer who 
rinds his opportunity in the aggregation of manufact- 
urers and the consequent demand for material. Nor 
is the gain in convenience alone in the proximity of the 
stock dealer. The manufacturer, being on the spot 
and forced to buy only according to his present need, 
can take advantage of the market, while he who lives 
at a distance must carry a stock much of the time 
needlesslv large or run the risk of coming - short at an 
inconvenient season. 

The banks, too, preferring to lend money to the city 
manufacturer, favor him by lending to him at lower rates 
than to his competitor in the country. The railway is 
at his door. The capital of the state, where the buyers 
of shoes gather from all over the country, is but an 
hour's ride; and the intercourse of maker and buyer is 
therefore easily had, common, frequent. When, there- 
fore, one stops to consider the distance of the country 
manufacturer from the abundance of skilled workmen 
and from his source of supplies, the wear and tear 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 1 39 

involved in the carriage of goods, the extra travel and 
inconvenience occasioned by the distance from the 
centers of trade, and the balance of the interest account 
against him, it is small wonder, that, while the vast 
increase in manufacture has been evident both in city 
and country, the far greater proportionate increase has 
been, and is likely to be. in the former, and that, in the 
course oi years, it is not impossible that the shoe 
freighter may rind his occupation gone. 

Nor is it strange that a city so well located as 

O J 

Haverhill should invite and retain capital, to be in- 
vested in manufacturing. Land in almost all parts of 
the city can be had for resident purposes at reasonable 
prices; two co-operative banks are ready and willing to 
assist every workman to become his own landlord; 
while the cost of living is quite as small as in the 
smaller towns. And, moreover, it is from the working:- 
men themselves that the ranks of the manufacturers are 
recruited. The hills of Haverhill are dotted with the 
cottages of shrewd, intelligent, hard-working mechan- 
ics, who understand their business, who are ambitious, 
and who realize that the world is their oyster and that 
it can be opened by them to their future advantage, if 
only they persevere. It is not alone its rich men, its 
well-to-do manufacturers, that make Haverhill's shoes 
hold their own. and more, in the market, nor is the 
growth of the city because of them, but it is because 
the majority of its skilled workmen have a personal 
interest in its welfare, and are likely to become tax- 
payers, and so the best of citizens. Since, therefore, 
the introduction of machinery has entirely changed the 



140 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

character of the work and the methods of conducting 
it; since the condition of the working man is bene- 
fited; since economy of time and economy of mate- 
rial arc both conserved. — it is not surprising that 
the city prospers, and that the progress of events has 
shown most conclusively, that, ere the beginning of the 
twentieth century, — Haverhill will boast of factories 
three and four times as large as any now built, 
factories where every single constituent which goes to 
make up foot-wear will be kept and where every iota 
of the manufacture will be carried on directly under 
the management of the manufacturer and his agents. 
The growth of the shoe business from a retail to a 
wholesale one has been slow, but it has been certain, 
and the results are now beginning to be seen. 

In addition to the manufacturing proper, there are a 
hundred, nay two hundred, establishments within the 
limits of the city that are connected directly with the 
shoe business, outgrowths of it, and at the same time 
strong props and stays to its perpetuity and grow r th, 
since in them are sold the thousand and one parts that 
are used in making up the simple-looking, but in 
reality complicated, foot-covering, the machinery, tools, 
and so forth used in its construction. There are 
dealers in patterns, trimmings, dies, lasts, cut soles, 
leather of all descriptions, rands, heels, tops, stiffen- 
ings, wooden and paper boxes, leather-board, paints, 
varnishings, and hundreds of other minor essentials. 
In this connection it can be said, that Haverhill boasts 
the largest sole-leather establishment in the United 
States; that three firms employing in the aggregate 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 14! 

four hundred hands arc engaged in making the paper 
boxes and cartons in which the shoes are packed; thai 

there are three firms turning out the wooden "cases" 
in which they are shipped: that one firm has a large 
and paying business in making and planing the boards 
used by the cutters in cutting up the skins for the boots 
and shoes: that there are two factories busily employed 
in the manufacture of nails lor shoes. In tact, Haver- 
hill is one vast shoe manufactory, its very life, exist- 
ence, and prosperity dependent on the trade which has 
made it what it is and on which it bases to a large 
extent its hopes in the future. 

The following statistics, which have been mosl 
carefully compiled and are believed to be as nearly 
correct as possible, will give, tar better than mere' 
words can, an idea of the enormous amount of raw 
material used, the manufactured product turned out. 
and the hundred and one details which all unite in this 
most interesting industry. A careful study of them 
will well repay the reader, and. alter reading the solid 
mass of figures, he can easily see how deeply rooted is 
the industry and what a vital part it plays in the 
economic life of the city. 



I 4 2 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 
CLASSIFICATION OF STOCK USED YEARLY 

IN THE BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY 
in the City of Haverhill. 



ARTICLES. 

Bags, Paper Packing, 

Beaver, 

Board, Leather and Straw. 

Board, Leather and Straw, 

Boxes, Paper and Wooden, 

Box Toes, 

Bows, 

Brocade, 

Buckram, 

( assimere and Felt, 

Cement, Glue, Paste, Etc., 

Cloth, Cotton, 

Cloth, Emery, 

Cloth, Enamel, 

Cloth, Patent, 

Cotton Thread and Silk. 

Cord, Clark's, 

Counters, 

Cutting (contract work). 

Embroideries. Velvet, 

Eyelets, 

Findings, (costing) 

( ialloons, Cotton and Silk, 

Goring, 

Gum Tragacanth, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Lacings, 

Linings, 



BASIS. 


QUANTITY. 




1, 800 


Yards, 


360 


Pounds, 


12,420 


Pairs, 


G75 6 >39 8 




3-77 2 ,57 2 


Pairs, 


264,000 


Dozen Pairs, 


3^ 6 ° 


Yards, 


600 


•• 


2,964 


« 


2,052 


( rallons, 


34*349 


Yards, 


866,467 


Reams, 


2 


Cases, 


780 


Yards, 


15,600 


Pounds, 


28,827 


Balls, 


2 5 


Pairs, 


930,000 


Cases, 


360 


Do/en Pairs, 


326 




28,282,000 


Dollars, 


1,467,877 


Gross, 


2,880 


Yards, 


14,400 


Pounds, 


'4 


Cases, 


5 o5 s 


Pairs, 


777,960 


Sets, 


180 


Gross, 


5. 6l 5 


Yards, 


5,880 



SHOES AND SIIOEMAKING. 



H3 



ARTICLES 

Linings, 

I rather, 
Leather, 
I rather, 
Leather, 
Leather, 
Leather, 
Leather, 
I rather, 
Leather, 
Leather, 
I rather, 
Leather, 
I. rather, 



Alligator, 

Buff, 

Calf, 

Chamois, 

Dongola, 

English, 

Coal. 

Grain, 

Kid, 

Mole Skin, 

Mule. 

Patent, 

Slice] i. 



Pounds, 
Feet, 



QUAN III'.. 

360 

66,720 
1,432,310 

I 9«; 

6,000 
198,240 

3,600 

'-' '5,53° 

734,95° 
4,824,009 

1 .Soo 

1,800 

107,272 

1,447,622 



Leather, total. 


Feet, 


10,14 


1 rather, Alligator. 


1 dozens, 


282 


Leather. Hair Calf, 


(i 


234 


Leather, Calf Skins. 


(i 


1 ,800 


Leather, Dongola, 


u 


738 


Leather, Kid (Bronze and French), 


.. 




Leather, Latent, 


.. 


2,400 


Leather (Glove and Russet), 


.. 

1 (ozens, 

Lairs, 




Leather, total by 


65,080 


Leather. Soles. Inner, 


3,926,436 


Leather. Soles. ( Miter. 


ci 


[4,031,454 


Leather. Rands, 


Pairs, 


365. 


Leather, total, 





Leather. Bellies, 




Pounds, 


1 <)2.000 


Leather, Calf, French, 




•■ 




Leather, Calf. Plain, 




.. 


1 ' 


Leather. Calf. Wax. 




.. 


24,960 


Leather, Kip, 




.. 


1 2,360 


Leather, Rands, Roundings, 


and Skivers, 


.. 


3,769,819 



t44 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTICLES. 

Leather. Rounding, 
Leather, Rough, 
Leather, Senilis. 
Leather, Sole, 
Leather, Split, 
Leather, Trimmings. 
Leather, Uppers, 

Leather, total, 

Leather, Buff, 
Leather, Sole, 

Leather, total, 

Needles, 

Patterns, Velvet Slippers, 

Plush. 

Satine, 

Satin and Serge, 

Shanks, Steel, 

Stiffenings, 

Stiffenings, 

Velvet and Velveteen, 

Webbing, Elastic, 



BASIS. 


QUANTITY. 


Pounds, 


1 15,200 


a 


542.520 


<« 


88,800 


<< 


25,020 


u 


254,894 


a 


360,000 


a 


180,000 


Pounds. 


5> 6 39,°34 


Sides, 


1,200 


a 


124,397 


Sides. 


I2 5-597 


Boxes, 


4S2 


Dozen, 


13,710 


Yards, 


420 


n 


60 


tc 


154,788 




601,272 


Pairs, 


3,104,610 


Sets, 


250 


Yards, 


36,780 



1,200 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 



145 



CLASSIFICATION OF 

GOODS MADE AND WORK DOM. 

1\ a Year in the Boot and Shoe Trade of the 

City of Haverhill. 



\KI U 1 I 5. 

Bead Work, 

Binding, 

Boots, Boys' ( !alf Balmoral, 
Boots, Hoys' Calf Button, 
Boots, Boys' Congress, 
Boots, Boys', Miscellaneous, 

Boots. Hoys', total, 

Hoots, Children's Huff Polish, 

Boots, Children's Coat Hutton, 

Boots, Children's Goat Polish, 

Boots, Children's Grain Button, 

Boots, Children's drain Polish, 

Boots. Children's Kid Mutton, 

Boots, Children's Kid Putton and Pace. 

Boots, Children's Kid Povv Cut, 

Hoots, Children's Miscellaneous, 

Boots, Children's Turned, 

Hoots. Children's Woolen and Felt, 

Boots, Children's, total. 

Boots. Men's Huff Balmoral, 
Boots. Men's Buff Congress, 
Boots, Men's Buff Polish Button, 
Boots, Men's ( !alf Balmoral, 
Boots. Men's Calf Brogans, 
Hoots, Men's < !alf Congress, 
Boots, Men's Calf Crimped, 



li.ASIS. 


. 1 1 IN . 


Pie< es, 


6,000 


Barrels, 


3OO 


Pairs, 


3,600 


•• 


3,600 


.. 


72 


« 


[7,952 



360 
5,040 

1 ,440 

2.1 60 

360 
5,400 

1 3,200 
3,600 

72,576 
4,320 

3,6o< 1 



1 1 2,056 



57,744 
21,744 
28,944 

I3»5 8 4 

.V" ' 



146 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTICLES. 

Boots, Men's Calf Don Pedro. 

Boots, Men's Calf Glove, 

Boots, Men's Calf Opera, 

Roots, Men's Calf Polish, 

Hoots, Men's Calf Polish Button, 

Roots, Men's Calf Hand-sewed 

Roots, Men's Custom Made, 

Boots, Men's Dongola Button, 

Boots, Men's Dongola Congress, 

Boots, Men's Dongola Congress Foxed, 

Boots, Men's Dongola Patent Dressed, 

Boots, Men's Kip Brogans, 

Boots, Men's Miscellaneous, 

Boots, Men's Kip Hand-sewed. 

Boots, Men's Machine Made, 

Boots, Men's Patent Foxed Congress. 

Roots, Men's Split Balmoral, 

Roots, Men's Split Balmoral and Congress, 

Boots, Men's Split Button, 



BASl . 
I 'airs, 



QUANTITY. 

l 73 
2,880 

1,440 

8,640 

84,000 

1,200 

800 

1,167 

6,900 

288 

720 

8,640 

63 2 ,947 

i3>5°° 

89,728 

5,472 
7,200 

3,600 



Boots, Men's, total, 



Boots, 


Misses' 


Buff Polish, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Calf Congress, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Dongola Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Goat Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Goat, Grain and Kid Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Coat and Kid Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Goat Polish, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Grain Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Grain and Kid Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Grain and Polish, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Kid Button, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Kid, Goat, and Polish, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Kip, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Miscellaneous, 


Boots, 


Misses' 


Kip Hand-sewed, 



1,114,740 
360 

36,000 
1,800 

10,152 

72,000 

2,700 
1,656 

1,800 

7,632 

7,200 

900 

1,800 

360 

78,600 
180,000 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 



Hi 



ARTIC1 ES. 

Boots, Misses' Kip Button and Low Cut, 

Hoots, Misses', total, 

Boots, W omen's Buff and ( 'all'. 

Boots, W omen's Buff India, 

Boots, Women's BufF Polish, 

Hoots, Women's Buskins, 

Boots, Women's Calf Balmoral, 

Boots, Women's Calf ( Hove, 

Hoots, Women's Calf Glove Button, 

Boots, Women's Calf Glove How Cut Button, 

Hoots. Women's Calf Glove Congress, 

Hoots, Women's Calf Glove, Kid Foxed, 

Hoots, Women's Calf (dove Polish, 

Boots, Women's ( alt" Polish, 

Boots, Women's Dongola Button, 

Boots. Women's Dongola Button Foxed, 

Hoots, WOmen's Dongola Polish, 

Boots, Women's Dongola Polish Foxed. 

Boots, Women's Goat, 

Boots, Women's Goat Button, 

Boots, Women's Goat Imitation Button. 

Boots, Women's Goat Pebble, 

Boots, Women's Goat Imitation Pebble, 

Boots, Women's Goat Polish, 

Boots, Women's Grain, 

Boots. Women's drain Button. 

Hoots, WOmen's ( dove ( dain. 

Hoots. Women's Glove Grain Polish. 

Hoots. WOmen's Kid. 

Boots. Women's Kid Button, 

Boots. Women's Kid Foxed Buskins, 

Boots, Women's Kid Foxed, Glove Top, 

Boots, Women's Kid, French and American 

Hoots, Women's Kid, Glove Top, 

Boots, WOmen's Kid tndia, 



BASIS. 


'.'i w rrrv. 


Paii s, 


7,200 


n 


4 10. 1 60 


a 


58,800 


it 




.. 


1:1 


tt 


1 9, ■;• m 1 


a 


1 2,960 


a 


108,720 


a 


50,400 




5.400 


it 


1 ,080 


a 




it 


1,960 


tt 


32,400 


.. 




it 


2,520 


.. 


j.i 60 


tt 


1 ,080 


tt 


161,832 


it 


93-5 - s 


a 


2,160 


" 


100,800 


tt 


4.3 20 


.. 


9.576 


.. 


22,680 


tt 




tt 


30,960 


.. 


103,320 


(1 


43.632 


<( 


564,312 


.. 


7-" 


.. 


1,320 


(1 


36,000 


It 


j. 1 ',0 


.. 





148 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTICLES. 

Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 

Hoots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
] loots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 
Boots, Women's 



Kid Laced, 

Kid Polish, 

Glove Kid, Calf Foxed, 

Glove Kid, Foxed Polish, 

Glove Polish Split, 

Spanish and Polish, 

Polish, Glove Top, 

Miscellaneous, 

Serge, 

Serge Balmoral, 

Serge Button, Foxed, 

Serge and Congress, 

Serge and Polish, 



Boots, Women's, total, 

Boots, Youths' Balmoral, 
Boots, Youths' Calf Balmoral, 
Boots, Youths' Calf Button, 
Boots, Youths' Calf Congress, 
Boots, Youths' Miscellaneous. 

Roots, Youths', total, 

Bows, 
Button Holes, 

Counters, 

1 )oublers, 

Fitting Boots and Slippers, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Heels, Pasted, 

Heeling Boots, Shoes and Slippers, 

Heel Stock, 

Patterns, Embroidered Slippers, 

Shoes, Boys', 

Shoes, Children's Goat Oxford, 

Shoes, Children's Kid Button Newport, 



BASIS. 


QUANTITY. 


Pairs, 


14,400 


a 


37,488 


" 


1,440 


H 


1 ,Soo 


ti 


46,080 


a 


25,200 


" 


3,600 




i33,3 2 ° 




1,080 




216 




14,400 




720 




3,600 




2,032,122 




4,3-° 




2,160 




6,080 




360 




4,75 2 




17,672 


Dozen, 


30,000 





1,096,168 


Pairs, 


300,000 


a 


56,260 


it 


762,000 


it 


1,082,000 


Barrels, 


8,760 


Pairs, 


288,000 


Dollars, 


90,642 


it 


480 




36,000 


Pairs, 


4,75 2 


a 


360 



720 



SHOES AND SIIOEM A.KING. 



149 



ARTICLES. 

Shoes, Children's Kid Tie Newport, 
Shoes, Children's Kid and Goat Tics, 
Shoes, ( Ihildren's Red < Oxford, 
Shoes, Children's Miscellaneous, 

Shoes, Children's Woolen and Felt, 



BASIS. 


Ql Wl NY. 


Pairs, 


360 


<< 


1 !,|OM 


<< 




tt 


J. 1,000 


tt 


3,601 > 



Shoes, Children's, total, 


tt 


44,5 2 ° 


Shoes, Men's Calf Oxford Button, 


5*184 


Shoes, Men's Calf Oxford lies. 


tt 


1,440 


Shoes, Men's ( !alf Strap, 


tt 


2,880 


Shoes, Men's Calf Sailor, 


u 


187 


Shoes, Men's 1 )ongola, 


tt 


8,400 


Shoes, Men's Dongola Ties, 


.. 


5>76o 


Shoes, Men's Goat Ties, 


(( 


864 


Shoes, Men's Coat Low Shoes, 


a 


43 2 


Shoes, Men's Coat Pumps, 


it 


720 


Shoes, Men's Grain Low Shoes, 


a 


864 


Shoes, Men's drain Harvard 'Lies, 


tt 


360 


Shoes, Men's Kid Oxford 'Lies, 


a 


43- 


Shoes, Men's Kid Pumps, 


tt 


1,152 


Shoes, Men's Patent Leather Oxford Button, 


tt 


360 


Shoes, Men's Patent Leather Oxford lies. 


tt 


1 1 ,920 


Shoes, Men's Patent Leather Pumps. 


tt 


1 6,200 


Shoes, Men's Velvet Oxford Ties, 


a 


3,200 


Shoes, Men's Velvet Pumps, 


tt 


1,800 


Shoes, Men's Velvet Ties, 


tt 


720 


Shoes, Men's Miscellaneous, 


it 


7°9> 2 45 


Shoes, Men's Miscellaneous Custom Made, 


it 


800 


Shoes. Men's Miscellaneous Hand-sewed, 


t< 


i3>5°° 


Shoes, Men's, total. 


787,880 



Shoes. Misses' Buff Low, 
Shoes. Misses' Alligator < >xford Ties Im't, 
Shoes. Misses' Coat Harvard Ties, 
Shoes, Misses' Goat Newport Button, 
Shoes, Misses' Coat Newport Tics, 



[,008 

1,800 
864 
720 



i5° 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTN LES. 

Shoes. Misses' Kid Harvard Ties, 

Shoes. Misses' Kid Newport Button, 

Shoes, Misses' Kid Newport Ties. 

Shoes. Misses' Kid Oxford Ties, 

Shoes. Misses' Kid Button Sandals, 

Shoes, Misses' Kid and Goat Ties. 

Shoes, Misses' Kid Ties, 

Shoes, Misses' Miscellaneous. 

Shoes, Misses' Miscellaneous Hand-sewed. 

Shoes, Misses' Patent Leather. 

Shoes, Misses' Woolen and Felt. 

Shoes, Misses', total. 



Shoes. Women's Beaver Ties. 

Shoes, Women's (dove Call Ties. " 

Shoes, Women's Goat Ties. 

Shoes, Women's Kid Ties. 

Shoes, Women's French Kid lies. 

Shoes. Women's Sailor Kid Ties, " 

Shoes, Women's Miscellaneous Low Shoes. 

Shoes, Women's Woolen and Felt Low Shoes, " 

.Shoes, Women's Newport Button Glove Calf, " 

Shoes, Women's Newport Button Goat, 

Shoes, Women's Newport But. Goat and Kid. " 

Shoes, Women's Newport Button Grain, 

Shoes, Women's Newport Button Kid. " 

Shoes, Women's Newport Button India Kid. " 

Shoes. Women's Newport Miscellaneous. 

Shoes, Women's Newport lies. Glove Calf, 

Shoes, Women's Newport d'ies, Goat, 

Shoes, Women's Newport Ties, Grain, " 

Shoes, Women's Newport d'ies. Kid. " 

Shoes, Women's Newport Ties, India Kid, " 

Shoes, Women's Newport Ides. Miscellaneous,'' 

Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Goat, " 

Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Glove Grain, " 



BASIS. 


QUANTITY. 


Pairs. 


1, 800 


ti 


2,160 


a 


9,000 


a 


6,120 


u 


3,600 


.. 


3,600 


a 


5,400 


a 


17,464 


.. 


L3,5°° 




1,440 


it 


3,600 



72,940 



1,440 

2,160 

4,680 

23,640 

216 

1,800 

157,200 

3,600 
720 

8,712 
14,400 

1,800 

166,680 

18,000 

3 2 4 

720 

2,880 

360 

56,880 

18,000 

10,440 

3-672 

7,200 



SHOES AND SHOKMAKIM,. 



T 5 T 



\kl it I.K.s. BASIS. 

Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Kid, Pairs, 

Shot's. Women's Oxford Tics. French Kid, 
Shoes, Women's < >xford Ties, Patent Leather, " 
Shoes, Women's Oxford lies. Velvel Vamp, 
Shoes. Women's Oxford Tics. Velvet, 
Shors, Wom< n's Tics. ( ilove Calf, 
Slues. Women's Tics. Welleslev. 

Shoes, Women's, total. 
Shoes, Youths' Miscellaneous, " 

Shot's. Youths', total, " 

Slippers, Boys' Buck, 

Slippers, Boys' Goat, " 

Slippers, Boys' Kid, 
SUppers, Hoys' Miscellaneous, 
Slippers, Boys' Patent Leather. 
Slippers, Boys' Turned, " 

Slippers, Boys' Velvet, " 

SUppers, Boys' Velvet Pattern. 

Slippers, Boys', total, " 

Slippers, Children's Buck, 

Slippers, Children's Glove Calf, " 

Slippers. Children's Hand-sewed, 
Slippers. Children's Kid. 
Slippers, Children's Miscellaneous, 

Slippers, Children's, total. 
Slippers. Men's Alligator, " 

Slippers, Men's Alligator Imitation, 
Slippers, Men's Brocade, " 

SUppers, Men's Luck. 
Slippers, Men's Calf and Coat. 
Slippers, Men's Coat, " 

Slippers, Men's Grain, " 

Slippers. Men's Hair Calf. 
Slippers, Men's Hand-sewed. " 



Ql \\ I IIV. 
5,856 

43 2 

720 

[,080 
720 

1 ,.Soo 

J. I '/o 
929,0] J 

4-75° 

4,75° 
7,200 
1 ,800 

180 

1 L95 2 

360 

1 j, 000 
360 
360 

34,212 

3,600 

120 

3,600 

360 

97,644 

105,324 
4,680 

10.560 
3,600 

.400 

10.S00 

7,200 



*5 2 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTICLES. 

Slippers, Men's Kid, 

Slippers, Men's Fancy Leather, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Alligator Imitation, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Goat, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Leather, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Low Cut, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Patent Leather, 

Slippers, Men's Pumps, 

Slippers, Men's Turned, 

Slippers, Men's Velvet, 

Slippers, Men's Everett Velvet, 

Slippers, Men's Opera Velvet, 

Slippers, Men's Velvet Pattern, 

Slippers, Men's, total, 
Slippers, Misses' Alligator Imitation, 
Slippers, Misses' Glove Calf, 
Slippers, Misses' Goat, 
Slippers, Misses' Grain, 
Slippers, Misses' Kid, 
Slippers, Misses' Kid Opera, 
Slippers, Misses' Miscellaneous, 

Slippers, Misses', total, 
Slippers, Women's Beaver Croquet, 
Slippers, Women's Croquet, 
Slippers, Women's Fancy, 
Slippers, Women's Glove Calf, 
Slippers, Women's Glove Calf Opera, 
Slippers, Women's Goat, 
Slippers, Women's Goat Opera, 
Slippers, Women's Goat Pointed, 
Slippers, Women's Goat and Kid, 
Slippers, Women's Goat and Kid Opera, 
Slippers, Women's Glove Grain, 
Slippers, Women's Kid, 
Slippers, Women's French Kid Opera, 



BASIS. 


QUANTITY. 


Pairs, 


3,600 


" 


1,440 


a 


5.400 


n 


I3,3 20 


a 


I3,7l6 


ti 


103,410 


<< 


2,520 


" 


4,800 


tt 


12,000 


tt 


93,096 


tt 


720 


it 


8,496 


a 


2,l6o 


tt 


501,982 


tt 


360 


a 


I20 


it 


8,280 


tt 


180 


it 


12,780 


tt 


91,692 


a 


8,865 


tt 


122,277 


a 


2,526 


a 


8,640 


ti 


I 2,960 


a 


4,440 


a 


1,080 


it 


3L725 


a 


16,200 


a 


1,800 


a 


51,480 


it 


1,296 


a 


7,200 


a 


317,400 


it 


445> io 4 



SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 



1 53 



Articles. 

Slippers, Women's Kid Opera, 

Slippers, Women's Patent Leather, 

Slippers, Women's Patent Leather Opera, 

Slippers, Women's Sandal, 

Slippers, Women's Serge, 

Slippers, Women's Turned, 

Slippers. Women's Velvet, 

Slippers, \\ omen's Velvet ( >pera, 

Slippers, Women's Miscel's 1 1 and -sewed. 

Slippers, Women's, total, 
Slippers, Youths' Buck, 
Slippers, Youths' Miscellaneous, 
Slippers, Youths' Velvet Pattern, 

Slippers, Youths', total, 
Slippers, J Joys', total, 
Slippers, Children's, total, 
Slippers, Men's, total, 
Slipper^, Misses', total, 
Slippers, Women's, total, 
Slippers, Youths', total, 

Slippers, total, 
Shoes, Boys', total, 
Shoes, Children's, total, 
Shoes. Men's, total, 
Shoes, Misses', total. 
Shoes, WOinen's. total, 
Shoes, Youths', total, 

Shoes, total, 
Hoots, Hoys', total, 
Hoots, ( 'hildren's. total. 
Boots, Men's, total, 
Boots, Misses', total, 

Hoots, w i »men's, total, 





Ql INTTTY. 


Hairs. 


27,000 


tt 


i,Xoo 


<< 




<< 


64,000 


« 


2,l6o 


<< 


{6,000 


(t 


22,320 


If 


2,016 


(( 


7 1 ,800 


<< 


[,139,741 


it 


7,200 


tt 


4,755 


It 


360 


tt 


1 -',3 '5 


tt 


34,212 


tt 


i°5>3 2 4 


<< 


501,982 


<< 


122,277 


tt 


1.1 ',9,74' 


tt 


12,315 


tt 


1.015,851 


<< 


4-75- 


It 


H--" 


tt 


7 s ;- 


11 


72.940 


tt 


929,01 2 


It 


4,75° 


<< 


1 ,8 1 


tt 


19,224 


ft 


1 1 2,056 


.. 


i,t 14,740 


tt 


■l '• 


.. 


2,03 ! 



154 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ARTICLES. 

Boots, Youths', total, 



BASIS. 

Pairs, 



Whote^Tif Boots, Shoes, and Slippers made in the 
City of Haverhill in 1888 is: — 



Boots, 
Shoes, 
Slippers, 

Whole Amount, 
Soles, Cut, 
Soles, Inner, 
Soles, Inner and Outer, 
Soles, Men's, 
Soles, Misses', 
Soles, Women's, 
Soles, Miscellaneous, 

Soles, total, 
Stiffenings, Children's, 
Stiffenings, Men's, 
Stiffenings, Misses', 
Stiffenings, Women's, 
Stiffenings, Leather Board, 
Stiffenings, Miscellaneous, 

Stiffenings, total, 
Stitching, Worth, 
Sundries, Worth, 

Taps, Children's, 
Taps, Men's, 
Taps, Misses', 
Taps, Women's, 
Taps, Miscellaneous, 

Taps, total, 
Toplifting, Worth, 
Work on Boots and Shoes, 



Pairs, 



Dollars, 



Pairs, 



Dollars, 



QUANTITY. 
17,672 

3>7 I 5>974 



3-7 I 5<974 
i,843. 8 54 
i,9 I S» 8 5 I 

7,475^79 

L947,78 

650,304 

395.95° 

224,640 

16,632 

313,200 

3.438.978 

6,997,484 
24,000 
36,720 
30,720 
60,720 
163,620 

1,061,460 

1,317,240 

250,997 
13,200 

264,197 
10,800 

11,232 

22,032 

38,232 
757,060 

839.35 6 
12,000 

1,800 
13,800 



Various Thi\(;s. 



Shoes, although made abundantly and well, are not 
the only things well made in Haverhill. Skilled work- 
men rind employment in many other industries, of 
which the most important are the manufacture of hats, 
of woolens, of paper, and of morocco. 

The manufacture of hats is quite an industry, the 
pay-roll for operatives in hat factories amounting to 
over $200,000 per year. The value of the wool and 
wool stock annually used is $175,000; fur, $100,000; 
hat bands, $60,000; silk cord, $6,000; sweat-leather, 
$15,000; strawboard and paper, $5,500; spool cotton, 
$3,500; cotton cloth. $3,000; soap, $3,000; shellac and 
gum, $5,000; dye-stuff and drugs, $10,000; satin. 
000; oil, $1,000; other supplies, $10,000. 

There are three laree manufactories. — those <>l the 
Haverhill Hat Company, W. B. Thorn ami Company, 
and }. P. Oilman's Sons, making ovei [II,ooo cases 



1 56 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

of fur and wool hats annually, and giving employ- 
ment to 375 men and 125 women. 

Of these, the oldest is the Haverhill Hat Company, 
located on Fleet Street, near the City Hall, which was 
incorporated in 187 1 with a paid-up capital of $50,000, 
with Eben Mitchell as president and Charles Butters as 
treasurer. The business was first established about 
1850 by P. Berkley How and Eben Mitchell, who 
carried on the works separately for some years and 
then formed a copartnership under the style of How 
and Mitchell, leasing the building now occupied by the 
Haverhill Hat Company. During the last twenty 
years the business has undergone many changes in 
methods of manufacture, and in the quality and variety 
of the goods made. Formerly, from 1,500 to 2,000 
cases of hats were made up in anticipation of the semi- 
annual sales in January and July, while at the present 
time and for the last ten years the factory has been 
running exclusively on orders, sample cases only being 
made to sell from. While the earlier manufacturers 
were very successful, the goods the}* made would 
have but small sale to-day, some four or five colors 
and perhaps twenty or thirty styles being all that were 
then required, while now twenty or more colors and two 
hundred and fifty different styles are made up for every 
sale. The Haverhill Hat Company has a wide reputa- 
tion for excellent colors, acknowledged by dealers to 
be excelled by those of no other manufacturer. 

The business now owned by W. B. Thorn and Com- 
pany, originally established in Ayer's Village, was 
removed to this part of the city in 1874. Its growth 



\ AktOUS THINGS. 157 

may be inferred from the fact, that, while the original 
factory was equal to seventy dozen wool hats per day, 
the present plant could make four hundred dozen pel 
day of fur and wool hats of all kinds. The works are 
loeated on River Street, and include five buildings, 
containing some thirty-two thousand feet of floor 
space, besides engine houses, boiler houses, store 
houses, ete. Their goods, distributed by their Xew 
York house, find a ready market in all parts of the 
world. 

Four woolen mills are practically associated with 
Haverhill, — one in the city itself, owned by Stevens 
and Company, of North Andover, and three others, the 
Groveland Mills in Groveland, managed bv the trustees 
of the estate of the late E. J. M. Hale. The male 
employees in these lour mills number 3^4 and the 
females about 280, with a pay-roll amounting to 
$200,000 per year. The goods manufactured by 
Stevens and Company are women's dress goods of 
Various kinds, amounting to about 20,000 pieces. The 
Groveland Mills manufacture flannels, making about 
60,000 pieees annually. The wool used by these mills 
amounts to 2,400,000 pounds, with supplies and other 
material valued at $100,000 per annum. 

The manufacture of morocco is carried on by two 
firms, — Kimball and Son, and Lennox and Briggs, 
who give employment to about 225 hands, with a 
yearly pay-roll of about $75,000, finishing annually 
about one million skins, valued at $700,000. The 
leather is of a superior grade, the\ making .1 specialty 
of "Dongola finished," which is an article of great 



1^8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

durability and sure to hold color. Kimball and Son 
occupy three three-story buildings on Fleet Street, and 
another on Pleasant Street, employing 130 hands, and 
making about 750,000 skins yearly, valued at $500,000. 
Lennox and Briggs occupy a two-story building in the 
rear of Washington Square, and part of two other 
buildings, employing 95 hands, making about 250,000 
skins annually, valued at about $200,000. These firms 
supply both the Boston and the local markets, the 
demand being so great that their factories are kept 
running throughout the year at their greatest capacity, 
both plants having been enlarged during the past 
twelve months. 

The Haverhill Paper Mill was organized in 1883 
with a capital of $50,000, and has a large plant on the 
Bradford side of the river for the manufacture of news- 
paper. This mill gives employment to 50 hands, with 
a pay-roll amounting to about $160,000 per annum, 
and there are used about ten million pounds of mate- 
rial annually. This concern also has a mill at Berlin 
Falls, N. H. 

The plant of the Haverhill Iron Works is situated 
on River Street. The company which operates it was 
organized in 1881 with a capital of $20,000, increased 
in 1883 to $40,000. The capacity of the works has 
been several times increased the past few years, and 
the present business is double what it has ever been 
before. The plant includes a large two-story building, 
a foundry, etc.. and turns not only all ordinary iron 
work, architectural iron pieces, heating apparatus, etc., 
but also the most intricate machinery that is used in 



VARIOUS THINGS. 159 

the factories and shops, besides ornamental iron work 
of any kind. 

A.mong producers of goods intended purely for 
home consumption is the Haverhill Gas Lighl Com- 
pany, chartered by a special act of the Massachusetts 
legislature, February i -\ 1853. Its capital is $75,000 
with a par value of $50 per share. The company's 
principal works arc on Winter Street along the Boston 
and Maine Railroad. They are supplied with side- 
tracks for the receipt of coal and other supplies and are 
furnished with all improvements for abundant and 
economical production. Most ample provision for 
storage purposes has been recently made by the con- 
struction of a gasometer on Ililldale Avenue of a 
capacity of 400,000 cubic feet. The total storage 
capacity of the gasometers now in use is 580,000 cubic 
feet. During the year ending June 30, 1887, these 
works produced 38,096,000 cubic feet of" gas of 19 can- 
dle power; the present daily capacity is 320,000 cubic 
feet. The company operates fifteen miles of street 
mains and has in use over seventeen hundred meters. 
Its financial condition is prosperous. Its plant is 
valued at $75,000, and. adding to this, money invested, 
cash on hand, and supplies, it had, in [888, assets 
amounting, in round numbers, to $92,000. The only 
liabilities arc the capital stock, and there was, there- 
fore, in 1888 a balance of profit of about Si 7,000. 
During the past ten years the price of gas has been 
reduced from S3 per thousand feet to Si. 50. the presenl 
price. The management of the corporation has so 
conducted its affairs as to fully satisfy its patrons and 



l6o HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

the public, its extension of mains and increase of busi- 
ness keeping pace with the constant growth of the 
city. 

The Haverhill Electric Company was organized as 
a corporation under the general laws of Massachusetts, 
on the sixth day of December, 1888. Its capital is 
$8^,000; the par value of its shares, $100. The electric 
station is a large and commodious brick building situa- 
ted on Essex Street along the line of the Boston and 
Maine Railroad, and within a few hundred feet of the 
manufacturing center of the city. It is furnished with 
four arc dynamos having a capacity of 165 lights, two 
incandescent dynamos, two engines of 250 horse power 
and three boilers of 350 horse power. The company 
at present furnishes 650 incandescent and 80 arc lights, 
35 of the latter being used for street lighting. Thirty- 
five miles of wire are employed for the distribution of 
electricity throughout the city. Seven and a half miles 
are used exclusively for public street lamps. 

Because of the great amount of light machinery 
required for the manufacture of shoes, Haverhill's chief 
industry, and owing to the disposition shown by some 
of our manufacturers to establish factories at some dis- 
tance from the steam power plants in the present shoe 
district for the purpose of securing improved accom- 
modations, the company is making special preparations 
for furnishing power for manufacturing purposes. 
There are in use at the present time eleven motors. 
The two daily and two weekly papers are printed by 
power furnished from this plant. A committee of the 
Board of Trade has been appointed to investigate and 



VARIOUS THINGS. 161 

report upon the feasibility of converting the power of 
Mitchell's Falls upon the Merrimack River into elec- 
tric force for manufacturing uses. 

The Haverhill Electric Company has every .reason 
to hope for success. It is on a paying basis, free from 
debt, and controlled by sonic of the most active and 
public-spirited merchants and manufacturers. Its 
president is the president of the Board of Trade. 
The directors are now making arrangements lor more 
than duplicating the capacity of the works to satisfy 
the public demand both for arc and incandescent light- 
ing, and contracts have been made with the cite tor a 
large increase of arc lighting and there is every pros- 
pect of this system coming into general use. 

The water supply of the city is furnished by the 
Haverhill Aqueduct Company. This company is a 
corporation organized under the laws of Massachusetts 
in the year [802. Its capital is $300,000, divided into 
1500 shares. The sources from which the water sup- 
ply is drawn are Kcno/.a Lake, Lake Saltonstall, 
Crystal Lake, and Round Pond. They are all within 
the territorial limits of the city. Keno/.a Lake. Lake 
Saltonstall, and Round Pond lie on the highlands east 
of the thickly settled portion of the city. Crystal Lake 
lies west of the city proper. All these bodies of water 
are deep and clear and are ted largely by springs. 
Their waters are absolutely tree from all obnoxious 
vegetable matter and have been shown by frequent 
analyses to be of remarkable purity. For many years 
after the organization of this company its operations 
were of necessity of the very simplest. lla\erhill was 



l62 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

then a village of a lew hundred inhabitants. Round 
Pond was then the only source of supply, the water 
beino" drawn from it through log pipes and distributed 
simply by force of gravitation. The increase of water 
facilities has, however, kept pace with the rapid growth 
of Haverhill, and the company has now under its con- 
trol 40 miles of substantial pipe and two water-towers, 
one near Lake Kenoza, 40 feet in height, 30 feet in 
diameter, and of a capacity of 212,000 gallons, and 
another on Silver Hill, 60 feet in height, 40 feet in 
diameter and of a capacity of 575,000 gallons. The 
top of each of these towers is 256 feet above the Mer- 
rimack River and the business portion of the city. 
These towers are supplied by means of two Worthing- 
ton pumps, each ot the capacity of 2,000,000 gallons in 
twenty-four hours. The areas of the bodies of water 
from which this supply is drawn and their altitudes 
above the Merrimack River and the business portion 
of the city are as follows: — 





AREA. 


ALTITUDE 


Kenoza Lake, 


2 34 


acres, 


1 1 2 feet 


Crystal Lake. 


*75 


a 


148 " 


Lake Saltonstall, 


4 1 


a 


118 - 


Round Pond, 


38 


a 


148 k ' 



After the great tire in 1882 a special connection 
was made with the "high service," i. e. the supply fur- 
nished through the water-towers for lire purposes. 
This special tire service consists of a twelve-inch main 
running through the business portion of the city and 



164 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

supplying the fire hydrants belonging to the city, 
besides a number of reservoirs. No other connection 
with this pipe is permitted. It is capable of throwing 
sixteen streams at once over our highest business 
blocks without the aid of fire-engines. By means of an 
electric indicator the height of the water in the water- 
towers is recorded in the city fire-engine houses and at 
the company's pumping station. The city fire alarm is 
also connected with the company's pumping station, 
where the Worthington pumps are always ready for 
immediate use. It is the duty of the company's en- 
gineer during the progress of each fire to keep the 
water in the water-towers at a height sufficient for the 
greatest demands for fire purposes. The city owns 
and uses 150 hydrants for fire service, the water for all 
of which is furnished by the Aqueduct Company free 
of any charge or expense to the citizens. 

The water supply for the City of Haverhill, for 
domestic, mechanical, and fire purposes, has thus far 
been so abundant that never have any restrictions on 
the liberal and even wasteful use of water been called 
for. The present water supply is sufficient for a city 
of one hundred thousand inhabitants, even without re- 
sort to additional dams or the use of the large natural 
storage basins in the vicinity of the lakes. Under the 
present system of supply Haverhill is practically sup- 
plied with two aqueducts. Each side of the city has 
its lake above the river level and also a capacious 
water-tower. Should an accident happen to the works 
on one side of the city, an ample supply could be ob- 
tained from the other until such time as repairs could 



\ ARIOUS THINGS. 165 

be conveniently made. Owing to the abundance of 

water and the advantageous location of its sources, the 
three thousand water sen ices are furnished at rates as 
low as in any New England city. The present per- 
fection of our water system is due to the fact that the 
Haverhill Aqueduct Company has spared no expense 
to make its equipments and capacity fully adequate to 
the demands of the rapidly growing city in which it is 
situate. 

With the natural advantages afforded by the 
vicinity of the lakes, aided by the institution of the 
high-pressure service above referred to, the fire depart- 
ment of Haverhill is one of the most efficient, and, 
being thorough!) equipped, organized, and trained, is 
ever ready for service when called upon. The depart- 
ment consists ol one hundred and forty-nine officers 
and men, and includes one chief engineer, tour assistant 
engineers, seven foremen, seven assistant foremen, 
three engineers of steamers, three stokers ol' steamers, 
fifteen hook and ladder men and thirty hose men, two 
drivers ot steamers, three drivers of hose wagons, one 
driver ot' a chemical engine, one driver of a hook and 
ladder truck, and one man who acts as spare driver. 

The city has spared no expense to make the 
department efficient. The apparatus consists of three 
steamers (all of the Amoskeag make), one chemical 
engine, one two-horse hose wagon, two one-horse hose- 
wagons, one supply wagon, one hook and ladder truck, 
one one-horse hose carriage, three hand hose carriages, 
two hand engines, one engineer's wagon, ami one 
chemical and protective wagon combined, with forty- 
three thousand feet of hose and thirteen horses. 



1 66 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

There arc seven engine houses, five in the city 
proper, one at Rocks Village, and one at Ayer's Vil- 
lage. A fire alarm telegraph is connected with the dif- 
ferent engine houses. The system at present consists 
of twenty-seven boxes, nineteen miles of wire divided 
into four circuits, one bell striker, seven indicators, 
eight gongs, a five circuit repeater, and one hundred 
and three cells of batteries. 

The efficiency of the department is also increased 
by the fact that the fire alarm is connected with the 
pumping station, where, immediately after an alarm is 
given, the pumps are set in motion by the engineer to 
replenish the water drawn from the reservoirs of the 
high-pressure service. With these facilities and with 
the present organization of the department it is evident 
that a fire is not likely to make great headway in the 
city. One may infer the efficiency of the department 
and of the men comprising it from the following record 
of fires taken from the chief engineer's annual report: 
Wingate School, insurance $10,000, loss $68; Num- 
bers 1 to 17 Essex Street, insurance $7,800, loss $21; 
Ililldale Avenue, insurance $2,400, loss $20; Park 
Street, insurance $3,000, loss $85. 

This naturally suggests the subject of insurance. 
Of course the facilities for obtaining insurance in 
Haverhill are much like those of other places. Nearlv 
all the American and foreign companies are repre- 
sented, and the rates of insurance are in accordance 
with risk and hazard. It must be confessed, that, for 
five years past, the insurance business has not been a 
remunerative one for the insurers. The i>*reat fire 



Various things. 167 

February 17. [882, cost the insurance' companies two 
and a half millions of dollars, and the losses by fire 
during the years from [882 to [887 weir also dispro- 
portionately large, but, since the high-pressure service 
was introduced, anil since the appointment of the build- 
ing inspector and the increase of the fire department. 
the losses to the insurance companies in Haverhill are 
not more than in any other city of the size, as can he 
shown by the above mentioned report of the chief of 
the lire department. 

The New England Exchange placed a very high 
rate of tariff on Haverhill property soon alter the tire 
of 1 S S 2 . but reduced it fifty cents on mercantile risks 
as soon as the high-pressure service was introduced. 
And now. the Exchange is willing to reduce the tariff 
on any individual risk, it' the owner will make certain 
improvements, such as supplying the buildings with 
automatic sprinklers, automatic tire alarms, and shut- 
ters, and will use gas instead of kerosene oil. Indeed, 
it only depends upon the insured to have his property 
rated as low as in any city in the United States it" he 
will follow the suggestions made for protection against 
tire by the New England Exchange. In fact, many of 
our recently erected buildings, and the older ones as 
well, have been supplied with the improvements 
alluded to, SO that the expense of insurance On these 
buildings is about one third of the cost in other similar 
buildings where the improvements have not been 
made. 

Since the tire by which the City llall was burnt up. 
the city authorities, in conformity with the wishes of 



j6S HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

the Exchange, have increased the apparatus of the fire 
department by the addition of a new and improved 
truck and, in order to make the personnel of the de- 
partment more efficient, have decided to elect the chief 
engineer to serve during good behavior instead oi 
subjecting him to the risks of an annual election. The 
engines arc to be more widely scattered by the erec- 
tion of new engine houses, which will enable the 
department to reach the suburbs in reasonable time. 
Among modern conveniences which it is the privi- 
lege of Haverhill to possess and utilize is its street 
railway system, and the facilities it affords alike for 
business and recreation rank high among the advan- 
tages the city possesses. It appears, by the nineteenth 
(i & 888) annual report of the Railroad Commissioners, 
taken in connection with the last census, that the 
Haverhill and Groveland Street Railway Company had 
a greater mileage of track to each thousand of the popu- 
lation in the communities served by it than any other 
street railway system in the commonwealth. By its 
cars the greater part of the citizens of Bradford, Grove- 
land, and West Newbury are enabled to conveniently 
reach the markets of Haverhill, to the mutual advan- 
tage of buyer and seller. Its influence is also most 
important and beneficial in leading to the building up 
of the suburban portions of Haverhill. It has been 
true in the past, that the city was too compact, alike 
for health and beauty. This came about from the 
unwillingness of its people to dwell beyond easy walk- 
ing distance of their work. Now they are availing 
themselves of this cheap and easy method of reaching 



V \kiors THINGS. [69 

the vacant spaces beyond, which arc last being dotted 
with houses, combining the main advantages of the 
city and country. Others who already own houses in 
the compact part of the city, and so cannot without 
loss wholly remove from it, arc yet glad to avail them- 
selves oi the street car service in the warm season by 
boarding their families at some point in the rural por- 
tion oi Haverhill or in some one of the towns adjoining, 
from which they can easily reach the center of busi- 
ness in the city and return at night, or earlier, to their 
families. 

The officers of the company have, from the first, 
made special efforts to run cars at such times as to 
best accommodate the working people, thinking that 
the claims of those who are regular patrons and de- 
pendent upon their daily labor are first to be con- 
sidered. At morning, noon, and night as many as ten 
cars, and often more, run to and from the shoe manu- 
facturing district, almost or quite empty one wax, and 
carrying operatives almost exclusively the other way. 

In the season when those whose means and busi- 
ness permit it abandon the city for the pleasures and 
relaxations which summer resorts afford, the "stay-at- 
homes" find relict' from heat and weariness on the 
open cars which bear them out in a few minutes to the 
heights overlooking the valley of Little River and the 
charming country beyond, or along the Merrimack 
valley amid scenery which has furnished themes ami 
inspiration alike lor poet and artist, and. better yet, has 
afforded year after year to thousands of the toil-worn 
such pleasure as neither poet nor artist could give. 



170 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

From the Silver Hill terminus of the street railway. 
Head's Hill in Bradford, with the river expanding into 
the semblance of a lake at its base, are seen to good 
advantage. For a considerable part of the distance 
between Haverhill and the village of Groveland the 
highway is so near the river that the passengers on the 
open ears can watch with ease the various crafts which 
at that season abound upon the noble river, and enjoy 
the cool breeze which almost always tempers the heat 
along its shores. From the substantial and nearly new 
iron bridge over the Merrimack at Groveland a hue 
view up and down the river is obtained. Beyond that 
point, the highway in which the tracks are laid is at a 
greater distance from the river, which, however, comes 
into view for short stretches all through the ride to 
West Newbury. A more charming picture than that 
made by Rocks Village and the bridge with their 
environments, as seen from the westerly part oi the vil- 
lage of West Newbury, it would be hard to find in the 
lower Merrimack valley. 

In speaking of the street railway, one familiar with 
its history must always call to mind, with deep regret 
for his untimely decease, the late George W. Duncan, 
without whose persistent efforts, it is safe to say, Haver- 
hill would have had no street cars for at least five and 
probably ten years later than the time (1877) when they 
were introduced. At that time it was much more diffi- 
cult to raise twenty-four thousand dollars in Haverhill 
for any purpose than it would be to raise a hundred 
thousand dollars now. And there were practically none 
at that time who believed a street railway anywhere in 



VARIOUS THINGS. 171 

Haverhill would pay. That it did pay moderately 
from the first was due, in part, to exceptionally favora- 
ble circumstances. It was a line of only three miles in 
length, connecting the considerable village of Grove- 
land with the business center of Haverhill over a prac- 
tically level road. Still, it would have been easy, in 
spite of those advantages, to operate the road at a loss, 
and that result would probably have followed but for 
the careful management of its first directors, the I Inn. 
Jackson B. Swett, the lion. Levi Taylor, fames I). 
White, Eben Mitchell, and George W. Duncan, the lat- 
ter having also, as treasurer, the general management 
of the business. 

From the small beginning in 1 S 7 7 , with only four 
cars and eight horses, it has increased until in [888 it 
had thirty-eight cars, eighty-five horses, and a capital 
stock of S 1 4 f.ooo. representing money actually paid in, 
principally owned in Haverhill, and being a lai 
amount than that invested in any other single business 
enterprise in the city, except, perhaps, that of supplying 
it with water, and possibly the flannel manufacturing 
business of M. T. Stevens and Company. 

The commercial facilities of Haverhill are as good 
as can be desired and include direct transportation both 
by rail and by water from all points. The great Boston 
and Maine Railroad, which has arms extending in all 
directions, has three freight and three passenger depots 
within the minutes* walk of the heart of the city. From 
these more than twenty-five freighl and seventy-six 
passsenger trains arrive and depart every twenty-four 
hours. In addition to this, the city has been made a 



l ij 2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

billing point within the past year, thus saving thousands 
of dollars to shippers annually. Haverhill is also at . 
the head of navigation of the Merrimack River. From 
this point to the sea, a distance of sixteen miles, the 
channel of the river is broad and deep. More than a 
hundred schooners and a large number of coal, granite, 
and lumber scows arrive at this port every year, and 
their cargoes are delivered directly to the business 
localities. The river is of indirect though none the less 
real value in serving, by the opportunities for competi- 
tion it affords, to keep railway rates for freight at a 
reasonable figure. 

Brick making began in Haverhill more than two 
hundred years ago, when the husband of the heroic 
Hannah Duston was guarded by a file of soldiers as he 
brought the clay from the pits to the yard near his 
house. Ever since that eventful period Haverhill has 
not only supplied its own bricks, but large quantities 
are also sent to Lawrence, Lowell, and other cities and 
towns. The clay pits are situated about a mile and a 
half north of the city near the railroad, and the material 
is the best in color and strength to be found in New 
England. With the opportunity of taking the bricks 
from the yard directly to the building sites in a half 
hour, and in unlimited quantity, it is safe to assume 
that Haverhill will always be able to secure this essen- 
tial element of substantial growth at as low price as 
any city in the country. Within the city limits is also 
a hue granite yard, while the opportunities for bringing 
granite to its very doors by the Merrimack River are 
unsurpassed. Lumber and all kinds of wood building 



VARIOUS THIN*.-. [ 7 :> 

material arc also abundant, and three extensive and 
growing firms suppl} everything thai is needed in thai 
line. 

As can readily be seen from these facts, the strong- 
est inducements are offered to prospective builders of 
business blocks, while a house and lot complete, suitable 
for any man with a small income, can be put up for 
from one thousand to twelve hundred dollars, and this 
on the line of the horse railway and within a ride of 
from five to ten minutes of the business center of the 
city. 

The newspapers of Haverhill consist of two daily 
and two weekly issues, which find a large circulation 
in the adjacent Massachusetts and New Hampshire 
towns as well as in the city itself. There have been, 
from time to time, other ventures in the field of journal- 
ism, but the final result for the present seems to suggesl 
the survival of the fittest. 

The Daily Bulletin was started July I, [871, and 
is therefore the oldest daily paper in the city. Its 
publication was begun in the face of great obstacles 
and with many predictions as to its ultimate and speedy 
collapse. In tact, with so little favor was the scheme 
of a daily paper in this city viewed that only about one 
hundred and fifty subscribers could be obtained. For 
five years the paper struggled for existence', but Sep- 
tember 17, [875, the present proprietors, I. L, Mitchell 
and Warren Hoyt, bought out the original proprietor, 
Mr. A. J. Hoyt, and in 1S77 the Tri-Weekly Publisher 
was bought and merged with it. Since that time the 
growth of the paper has been gradual and steady. "S ear 



174 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

by year it has strengthened its hold upon the public, until, 
today, it stands among the leading dailies in Essex 
County. For the first seventeen years the office and 
plant were at No. 4 Main Street, although its increasing- 
growth compelled the enlargement of the establishment 
before the paper was a decade old. In 1888 new quar- 
ters were obliged to be sought, owing to the fact that 
additional room was required for both editorial and job 
departments. On April 5 of that year the establish- 
ment was removed to the Daggett Building, in which 
structure the Bulletin now occupies three floors. It 
boasts at the present time one of the most centrally 
located, most convenient, and thoroughly equipped 
establishments in this section of the state. The politics 
of the paper have always been Republican, but the 
aims of its proprietors have been toward independence 
rather than ultra-partisan. The paper is also essentially 
a local sheet. Its aim is to cover Haverhill and vicinity 
thoroughly, and, while attention is given to general 
news, yet local news is considered of the first and great- 
est importances. In connection with the paper is a large 
book and job printing establishment in which skilled 
help is employed the year round and which has facili- 
ties for all kinds of tine work. 

The Gazette goes back to very early times in the 
history of Haverhill, it having been established in 1798, 
though the daily edition was of much later origin. It 
publishes now both weekly and daily editions, the latter 
printed on a double cylinder Hoe press. The Gazette 
has a wide circulation, and is a bright, interesting, and 
influential paper. Connected with the establishment is 



\ ARK >US THINGS. 17 c; 

a large job and book printing office, where is printed 
the Popular Science News and Boston Journal of 
Chemistry. 

The people ot Haverhill are an amusemenl loving 
and an amusement enjoying class. The supply is almost 
always equal to the demand, especially in a case of this 
sort, and in consequence Haverhill is well provided 
with places where its hard-working citizens can obtain 
rest and enjoyment when the labors of the day are over. 
First and foremost among these is the Academy of 
Music, one of the prettiest, best arranged, best equipped, 
and largest theaters, outside of Boston, in New England. 
Here are presented the best dramatic attractions on the 
road; and during the season, which extends from Sep- 
tember to June, all the stars in the dramatic firmament 
shine before the people. Manager James F. West 
exercises good judgment in securing talent, and, although 
the range ot attractions is large, including comedy, 
tragedy, variety, opera, both light and heavy, concerts, 
both vocal and instrumental, and those nondescript 
plays, neither one thing not" the other, but which might 
be included under the head of farces, yet only the best 
under that head are booked. The average is about two 
performances a week, and hence, as may be readily 
seen, as tar as theatrical performances are concerned 
no place in America ot its size is better supplied. The 
names of Booth, Barrett. ( Lawrence and Wilson, ) Keene, 
Dowling, Mis. I ,angtry, [ulia Marlowe, ( Georgia Cay\ an, 
Joseph Jefferson, Margaret Mather, Fanny Davenport, 
Modjeska, Janauschek, Rhea. Lotta, Annie Pixley, 
Denman Thompson, Gilmore's Band and Boston Sym- 



1^6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

phony Orchestra are not only familiar to Haverhill but 
they have been seen again and again upon its stage. 

In addition there is never a season in which one or 
more courses of lectures and semi-private entertain- 
ments are not given. The city boasts talent and genius, 
fine musicians, good vocalists, amateur actors, and elocu- 
tionists, and they are never loth to respond to the calls 
made upon them for charitable and social purposes. 
Moreover the bazaar, fair, sale, epidemic under various 
disguises, rages as virulently in Haverhill as is possible, 
and their number is legion. Such are some of the amuse- 
ments which attract and entertain our citizens in winter, 
to say nothing of skating rinks, sleighing parties, ice 
skating, either on the river or on the beautiful lakes 
with which the vicinity abounds, dances private and 
public, etc., but it is in summer that Haverhill affords 
amusements which far surpass those offered by the 
ordinary small city. 

On the beautiful Merrimack River, which equals in 
clear, tranquil, calm beauty any similar river in this 
country, pleasure steamers ply, loaded with human 
freight, every pleasant summer day, bound either for 
the salt and invigorating breezes to be found at "Black 
Rocks," the Coney Island of New England, or else to 
find rest and shady coolness in the nooks and woody 
ravines of Eagle Island, The Pines, and Balch's Grove, 
public places for picnic devotees which lie along the 
ighteen mile stretch from Haverhill to the mouth of 
the river. Within a radius of twenty, nay ten, miles 
from the very heart of business life, over twenty lakes 
lie nestled among the green fields, surrounded by 



\ ARIOUS THINGS. 177 

groves of large and beautiful trees. To these also dur- 
ing the summer months the seekers after rest and 
amusement make their way to picnic and enjoy the 
out-door sports of which Americans, especially Young 
America, are so fond. In summer also amateur base 
ball teams flourish, and on the large and well equipped 
grounds, known as "Recreation Park," furnish enter- 
tainment to many. The list might be continued inde- 
finitely, for Haverhill boasts several lawn tennis clubs, 
two yacht clubs, a large number of amateur boatmen, 
hunters and fishermen galore, a good half-mile track on 
which meetings which draw out good exhibitions of 
speed are held, a rifle club, a bicycle club, an amateur 
photographers' club, etc., etc. In truth the opportunities 
afforded for amusement, no matter what the season of 
the year may be. are many and are enjoyed to their full 
extent. 

The Kenoza Club, an association of gentlemen 
already referred to, has recently developed an access of 
energy and has added to its house on the edge of the 
lake from which it derives its name a large veranda 
and pavilion which handsomeK equips it for social 
pleasures. 

While it is unnecessary in Haverhill for a new- 
comer to be a member of some secret organization in 
order to receive cordial recognition and welcome, it 
should be stated that those belonging to almost any 
secret or social organization in existence will find socie- 
ties reach to give them the fraternal sign and greeting. 
The first Free Mason's lodge was chartered in [802. 
There are at present two lodges, a chapter of Royal 



178 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



Arch Masons, a council of Select and Royal Masters, 
a Commandery of Knights Templar of 188 members, 
the Lodge of Perfection, Princes of Jerusalem Council, 
Rose Croix Chapter, and a Kadash Council. There are 




ODD FELLOWS BUILDING. 



seven lodges of Odd Fellows with a very large mem- 
bership, beside large orders of Knights of Pythias, 
Knights of Honor. Red Men, Pilgrim Fathers, Ancient 
Order of Hibernians, United American Mechanics, and 
many others, in all comprising thirty or more different 
organizations, some of them having tine club rooms as 
well as halls for business. In addition to these there 



VARIOUS THIN*,- I 79 

arc two fine private social organizations, the Pentucket 
Club and the Wachusett Club, each having most pleasant 
and tasteful quarters which do much to add to the social 
attractions of city. 

A rich and extensive farming country depends 
largely upon Haverhill for a market for its products of 
the soil. Fresh supplies lor the table can always be 
found in abundance and at low prices. Rents vary 
from eight dollars per month tor tenements of five or 
six rooms to fifteen dollars tor those of the latest 
modern conveniences, and whole houses rent for from 
the latter figures to thirty dollars per month. Board 
lor mechanics costs from three to five dollars per week, 
and at the hotels from six to nine per week. These 
figures can only be given approximately, but. taking 
into consideration the attractions anil advantages of the 
city, both natural and acquired, as a place of residence, 
the cost of* living is remarkably low. Mechanics in 
main cases own their own houses and in all cases 
they can do so. Haverhill has as many cozy little 
homes owned by workingmen as any other city of its 
si/e in the Union. This is largely due. not alone to the 
encouragement given them to build by the public 
spirited capitalist, but more especially to the two local 
CO-operative banks, which in other parts ol the country 
are known as building, loan, or savings associations. 
Institutions of this kind arc doubtless among the great- 
est boons of a private nature to working people that have 
been offered them in this country. The two banks re- 
ferred to are both in an exceeding!) flourishing condi- 
tion, having a large accumulated capital gathered 
from the savings of working men and women. 



A Place to Live In. 



The beautiful situation oi Haverhill upon the banks 
of the noble Merrimack, the commanding heights upon 
which our houses can be so built that almost all may 
have magnificent views of the river valley and the 
surrounding country, and also a flood of sunlight 
and an abundance of pure air. form natural advantages 
which tew cities can boast, but which are by no means 
all that we enjoy. 

Far enough from the sea to have the raw east 
winds somewhat tempered, near enough to the moun- 
tains to get their unadulterated health-giving air. there 
is no blessing which the climate of New England can 
give that is not ours. The elevation of the river banks 
raises them from whatever danger might arise from 
dampness, and affords admirable facilities for the best 
drainage through a soil that has sufficient fertility and 
is of such variety as t<> afford flourishing lite to all the 



182 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

beautiful trees, flowers, and vegetables, either native or 
imported, which thrive anywhere in New England. 
The fine shade-trees in almost all the streets occupied 
by residences form a marked feature of the attractive- 
ness of the city, and one which is seldom found in a 
manufacturing community. 

The four beautiful lakes, to the banks of which 
some of our most attractive building lots have been 
extended, offer, in addition to an abundant supply of 
pure water for all purposes, suburban walks and drives 
of unexcelled beauty. 

In tact, the hills of Haverhill, especially those 
overlooking these lovely lakes and the glorious river, 
are among the most favored spots on earth for human 
residence, affording opportunities for the most delight- 
ful surroundings. Every acre is so situated that a 
desirable home may be made upon it, adapted to every 
taste in regard to altitude, grade, and exposure. The 
infinite variety of slopes to every point of the compass 
enables one to choose where the morning and the even- 
ing sun shall shine upon his house, whether he shall be 
protected from the north, the south, the east, or the west 
winds, or whether he shall welcome the breezes from 
every point. 

No similar advantages does any other city in the 
country furnish within so short a distance from a com- 
mon center. The incalculable blessing of such homes 
to the character of an entire community cannot be 
overestimated. The child brought up among such 
glorious surroundings cannot fail to be affected by their 
elevating influences, and must imbibe insensibly high, 



A PLACE TO LIVE l\. 






strong, and wholesome habits of thought. To the 
hard-worked man nothing affords greater relief, gives 
greater strength for the daily struggle, than the abilitx 
in one moment to turn his back upon the din and 
turmoil and dust and confusion, the inevitable concomi- 
tants of busy quarters, and from his hill-side cottage 
breathe the pure air of heaven, with one of the most 
perfect of earth's pictures stretched before his eye. 

This is no imaginary sketch. Every man that can 
buy a house lot or that can pay rent has it in his power 
to choose one of these situations, instead of huddling 
close to his factory on the river bank, because he is too 
lazy or too indifferent to choose more wisely. Every 
inch of land in the lower levels of the city is none too 
much for its business uses, and, by the aid of the 
horse railway tor the more distant parts, a large extent 
of our territory is made available for dwellings. Every 
house can be within easy reach of one or more of our 
fine bodies of water, affording delight to the eye as 
well as boating, fishing, and bathing facilitu The 

noble Merrimack, flowing at our feet, is no small item 
in the grand sum of benefits which nature has be- 
stowed upon this spot, enabling us to reach the great 
Ocean and by it all the ports of' the world. The water 
in this river is deep enough to float to our wharves 
vessels larger than those employed in our merchant 
marine when this county led the whole continent in its 
foreign commerce. That the river can be utilized as 
a water power is the opinion of competent engine* 
another gift of nature not to be overlooked. 



184 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

The distance from Boston (to which it is near 
enouerh for the convenient transaction of the business 
which naturally gravitates to great centers, and from 
which it is far enough not to be absorbed as a suburb) 
is an advantage the importance of which can hardly be 
overestimated, enabling us to form a society sufficiently 
independent to have a character of its own, yet within 
such easy reach of cosmopolitan influences as to avoid 
all danger of provincialism. On our frequent trips to 
the metropolis, the beautiful glimpses of wood, meadow, 
lake, and river in the short hour's journey afford a pleas- 
ing variety which is an alleviation to the toil of the day. 

But it is not to natural advantages alone that one 
looks when about to take up a new residence. Reli- 
gion, the recognition of God as an object of worship, 
love, and obedience, the corner-stone on which our 
civilization rests, calling out as it does the best there is 
in us, must occupv a prominent place in every man's 
thoughts. Whatever form of Christian belief one may 
hold, he can be reasonably sure of finding some of his 
household of faith established in this city, ready to wel- 
come him with kindly sympathy. In few communities 
does the religious spirit hold stronger sway, every year 
showing an advance in this direction, owing perhaps in 
large measure to the fact that in all sects religious wor- 
ship has been freed from much of its old time austerity. 

The opportunities for education are ample in almost 
every New England city, but here in Haverhill we are 
especially favored in our admirable educational advan- 
tages for both sexes and for all ages. We have not 
only our excellent public schools, at the head of which 



A PLACE TO LIVE I\. |Sc 

stands a high school at which our young men are 
fitted for college or for the duties of citizenship, but in- 
numerable clubs and associations, having lor their ulti- 
mate object the better education of men and women. 
Our public school system, receiving the active and intel- 
ligent support of our best citizens on its committees, and 
being peculiarly favored in its well-established teachers, 
meets the approbation of all, and the results achieved 
by it are eminently satisfactory. Our private schools. 
beginning with those for children of the tenderest years, 
are conducted on the best plans, instilling ideas and 
principles which it was once thought could be obtained 
nowhere but at home. In this connection we must not 
forget the close proximity of the Bradford Academy tor 
girls, which has almost a national reputation, and an 
excellent private school tor boys, just across the river. 

The old-fashioned lyceum seems to have ceased to 
exist, but in its place we have numerous literary clubs 
which are often instructed by the best talent in this 
country or perhaps in the world; and under the auspices 
of our various societies, notabh the Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association, lectures and other instructive enter- 
tainments afford ample opportunities lor mental im- 
provement. Greater facilities are now being offered 
lor our musical education, which has hitherto been 
somewhat neglected, and we hope soon to furnish ap- 
preciative audiences lor the encouragement of the best 
music, which is always at our command. The drama 
in a sufficiently elevating form to have an educational 
influence can hardly be said to have gained a perma- 
nent foothold with us, notwithstanding the ample facili- 



l86 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

ties furnished by the able management of our beautiful 
Academy of Music, but we hope, as we progresss in 
wisdom and prosperity, soon to add this to our privi- 
leges. 

Drawing, painting, and even sculpture have their 
part in our schools, and, together with classes especially 
devoted to these branches of fine art, have succeeded 
in developing talent of which we have reason to be 
proud. That we show a keen appreciation of good work 
is the verdict of some of the first artists in the coun- 
try. As a powerful instrument for intellectual improve- 
ment and recreation, we have a public library, well 
endowed and admirably conducted. According to the 
report of the commissioner of education there are but 
nine free lending libraries larger than ours, which con- 
tains forty-five thousand volumes. Physical education 
is receiving more attention, as the establishment of an 
excellent gymnasium with competent teachers, in con- 
nection with the Young Men's Christian Association, 
attests; and the numerous ponies with children on their 
backs in our streets show that the important branch of 
horsemanship is not neglected. Dancing schools have 
also been established and are well patronized. In con- 
sidering the social life of Haverhill, it can be said by 
the writer, that there is no place it has been his good 
fortune to visit, in a somewhat extended experience of 
towns in this country, where so cordial a welcome is 
extended to the new comer, where a man so instantly 
finds himself in possession of all the privileges which 
are often obtained only at the expense of long resi- 
dence. He can speak from his own experience and 



A PLACE TO LIVE IX. 1N7 

that of every adopted citizen, who will join heartily in 
this expression. It is impossible to sa\ too much of 
the hearty good-will and kindliness of spiril which greel 
every man, woman, and child who enters the arena in 
whatever capacity, provide a tail- field for the exercise 
of every talent, and aid every laudable effort however 
humble. 

That we are hedged in by no artificial harriers is 
one of our greatest blessings, and one which more than 
anything else perhaps invites accession to our number. 
If we do not as fully as we ought avail ourselves of the 
privileges ol mutual improvement and social enjoy- 
ment, it must be laid to our too great devotion to busi- 
ness. For some years we were able to point out to 
the stranger our one gentlemen of leisure, but he has 
long since joined the great army of workers, find- 
ing, presumably, his isolated position insupportable. 
There is no reason why Haverhill should not afford. 
however, a delightful residence for gentlemen of leisure, 
but business strife is so hot they seem to have found no 
plaee so far. One may reasonably look forward, how- 
ever, to a sufficient cessation of this busy lite as to en- 
able us to test the admirable material we have for social 
enjoyment. One pleasing feature is gaining daily 
prominence and will prove a greal benefit to us, viz., 
the increase in the number of social meetings of em- 
plovers and employed. Nothing van add to the general 
solidity of a town so much as these pleasant and cor- 
dial relations. 

In an article recently published in one ol the news- 
papers of the city, after mentioning the beauty, the 



1 88 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

health (indicated by the bright, animated looks, quick, 
independent walk, and general air of happiness), and 
the taste in dress of the women seen on our streets, 
the writer goes on to say of the men : f ' There is a 
brightness, an animation, an expression of shrewdness 
visible upon the lineaments of every passer-by which 
speaks volumes for its possessor's brain, mind, and 
soul. Moreover, these characteristics are inherent in 
most of the operatives in this city. They are superior 
in intellect, general knowledge, and schooling to any 
similar class in America. They are thinking, reasoning- 
men, strong in their convictions, outspoken in their opin- 
ions, strong in the faith inherited from sturdy, indepen- 
dent ancestors. ^ Formed of such elements, the social 
fabric of Haverhill should be strong. The man who 
was yesterday employed is to-day an employer, as every 
avenue is open to energetic and intelligent action. Un- 
der a republican form of government, this ma)' be said 
to be true of every city and town in the land, but 
every one knows that in man}' places local influences 
often handicap the ambitious aspirant. That the local 
influences here all favor the man who tries to rise is 
what the writer desires especially to emphasize. 

The natural and acquired advantages of Haverhill 
have already been frequently alluded to, and it remains 
here but to touch upon the use that ma}' be made of 
them in relation to business. That the situation of our 
beautiful city is thoroughly advantageous for the tran- 
saction of almost any kind of business has been pointed 
out. The tine sites for factories, extending for nine 
miles on the banks of the Merrimack and to the New 



A PLACE TO LIVE IN. 189 

Hampshire line in the Little River valley, with all the 
advantages of river and railroad transportation, the 
healthful surroundings without which successful work 
is impossible, the formation of the land, enabling us to 
live within cas\ rich of our factories and vet in a differ- 
erent atmosphere, all go to make up a sum total of in- 
estimable value. Our religious, educational, and social 
privileges all have immense weight in the business 
world, and, by their influence on our citizens, become 
active agents in the promotion of every enterprise. 
Even- business man knows the value of intelligent, 
educated, skilled workmen, and what a vast difference 
there is in the conduct and success of an establishment 
where these can be obtained, and one where ignorant 
labor is employed. Nowhere is this phase more pro- 
pitious than here. 

A larger question, and one of greater import in the 
long run than the mere question of labor to the man 
planting his business here, is that the whole conduct of 
the affairs ol the city by the selection of its officers is 
in the hands of an intelligent people who make Haver- 
hill their permanent home and do not leave us at the 
mercy ol' a shifting population. The latter is often the 
case in manufacturing towns where foreign capital alone 
is invested. We are fortunate in that our citizens make 
and spend their money here. The stranger is at once 
impressed by our elegant and comfortable residences, 
so superior in number and beauty to those of other 
cities much larger, where prosperity is le^s generally 
diffused. This is our strong point, that we are a homo- 
geneous household, depending upon each other and 



190 



HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 



absolutely controlling our own affairs. If this is not a 
community which invites accessions, where can one be 
found ? 

Our building facilities are unexcelled. The best of 
building stones, especially for foundations, can be bought 
for little more than the expense of hauling, as our hill- 
sides are full of them. Good bricks are made from the 
best of clay within our borders so cheaply that all the 
neighboring cities are supplied by us. The river en- 
ables us to bring timber and lime to our wharves at 
reasonable rates. Our iron works furnish everything 
of machinery and heating apparatus, in successful com- 
petition with the largest establishments in the country. 
Our hardware stores supply all the materials in their 
line at wholesale prices. So that buildings can be 
erected and equipped here to the best advantage. 

An instance of the latest building enterprise is seen 
in the handsome Daggett Building, which towers above 
Merrimack Street and rivals in its appointments metro- 
politan edifices. 

For the prosecution of business the same advantages 
apply. At no inland town can coal be furnished so 
cheaply. River transportation and wharf privileges 
enable us to procure all the more bulk}' articles, such 
as the timber, iron and other metals that go into many 
branches of manufacture, moulding sand, granite, oil, 
tar, even cotton and wool, at rates which our railroads 
are compelled to meet. 

Rents are reasonable, and the co-operative banks 
furnish the means for the easy acquisition of homes; 
our real estate owners favor the establishment ot 




DAGGETT BUILDING. 



1()2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS. 

homes; no land is held at fancy prices; the position 
of landlord is not sought; no place that is worth living 
in offers greater inducements for householders. The 
cost of living is not excessive, although the general 
prosperity has created a demand for the best the market 
affords, and consequently has somewhat enhanced prices 
over those of more stagnant communities. 

No manufacturer ever left Haverhill or ever will 
leave it except for the one expected advantage, cheaper 
labor, as the questions of rent, power, and taxes are 
entirely subordinate and are manifestly counter-balanced 
bv others; and, as cheaper labor has been found to 
result in a product of lower standard, it is only a ques- 
tion of time and the action of the natural laws of 
demand and supply, untrammeled by artificial condi- 
tions caused by unhealthy agitation, when our city, as a 
center of skilled labor, will inevitably recall the wan- 
dering ones whose hearts are still with us, together 
with an army of new recruits. Haverhill stands ready 
to welcome all. 

Our banks especially favor the business men of 
Haverhill and seek no outside loans until every citizen 
who by his character shows himself worth)' of credit is 
accommodated. The character of our workmen has 
been mentioned, but that we have within easy reach 
five thousand men in addition to our own population of 
twentv-six thousand is a fact worth considering, espe- 
cially in view of the enlargement of the shoe business, 
as most of these men are skilled in that craft. But it is 
not to the extension of the shoe business alone that we 
look; believing that a diversity of industries is advan- 
tageous to a community, we offer inducements to all. 



A PLACE TO LIVE FN. I93 

Our retail stores, supplying a large surrounding 
country, are admirably conducted by enterprising men. 
and no one nca] seek elsewhere for the gratification of 

any reasonable want in their line. Our advantages 
might be enlarged upon almost indefinitely, but the 

scope of this paper is merel) to mention some of tin- 
most marked, confidently trusting that they will arrest 
the attention of outsiders. Let us not forget, that, while 
furnishing opportunities for the strong in mind and 
body, the community is not unmindful of those who are 
disabled by accident or ill health, who are cared for in 
our well appointed and ably managed City Hos- 
pital, ami that the poor and unfortunate are so wisely 
assisted by our benevolent institutions, the Old Ladies' 
Home, the Children's Home, the Benevolent Society, 
etc., as not to create paupers, who are consequent! \ 
tew in number. 






A ^>MI\/; A . 7 



JtSu^ine^s A liter 



e»ts 



OP 



^VERH^ V 



N. F. SaWyer, 

Mr. N. F. Sawyer, whose shop is in the rear of 72 
Washington Street, is the manufacturer and patentee 
of the most powerful heater for both steam and hot 




water heating yet invented, which possesses more heat- 
ing surface which comes in direct action with the fire 
than any other, and for hot water heating has the best 
water circulation of all, being free, rapid, and positive. 

196 



Edgar 0. Bullock, 

Who for i8 years had been connected with dry 
goods houses in Boston, formed in [882 a partnership 
with (). W. Butters, then doing a business of $20,000 a 
year in the cutting of shoe stock. In [885 Mr. Butters 
retired and Mr. Bullock has continued alone. He oc- 
cupies the whole building at (.5 and 47 Washington 
Street and the upper floor of the next building. He 




IIIMHIJlllll j I 



"l-fT" _/-i_|""P -TUT" _f-w"rT_-| I 

n « n n | 

EDGAR O.BULLOCK 




tmra 

SHOE STDC 

11 nl 11 




Iff 

1 31 

n 



does a business of $120,000 a year, employs twenty-five 
hands the year round, cutting over a ton <>l" leather a day. 
Most of this comes direct from the tanneries, making 
a saving in freight and securing a uniform line of >t<>ek. 
This, with new and improved machinery, careful hand- 
linn, and <'i perfect system in the factory, produces goods 
that command a ready sale and good pri< 



J 97 



C. N, Rhodes. 



Mr. C. N. Rhodes, a large dealer in ladies' fur- 
nishing goods, millinery, domestics, oil and straw 
carpetings, rugs, and Buttrick's patterns, at Nos. 52 
and 54 Merrimack Street, began business in 1865 at No. 
10 Main Street, occupying for two years one floor, the 
two years following two floors, while at the end of the 
fourth year the demands of his business for space re- 
quired the whole building. After about eight years he 
removed to the Odd Fellows' Building, No. 28 Main 
Street, remaining there about nine years, whence he 
removed to his present large and commodious store, 
which has a floor surface of over forty-two hundred 
square feet. In accordance with the requirements of a 
large business at the present day, he early adopted the 
cash carrying system, using for four years the Lamson 
ball system, and for the next four years the Lamson 
wire system. 

Starting at the close of the great War ot the Rebell- 
ion, when everything had a fictitious value, the prices 
of merchandise have decreased almost continually up 
to the present hour. For example, imported corsets, 
which were then sold at retail at three dollars and a 
half a pair, now pay a profit at ninety-two cents. 
Spool cotton sold then for fifteen cents, and sells 
now for two cents. Fortv-inch sheeting, which 
then sold for seventy-five cents, sells now for eight 
cents. Yet Mr. Rhodes' increase in trade, as measured 
by the receipts, has more than kept pace with the fall 
in prices; and now the services of from ten to eighteen 
clerks are required. 

198 



S, A. Dow. 



Mr. S. A. Dow began business in a small way in 
this city in the year [883, engaging in the sale of pianos, 
organs, musical instruments in general, rich stationery, 

bric-a-brac, and so forth, but now, in contrast to this 
small beginning, is doing the largesl business in this 
line in the city of Haverhill to-day. He occupies the 
store No. 85 Merrimack Street, which has been fitted 




up purposely for his occupancy. On the first floor is his 
salesroom, which is very handsomely equipped. On the 
second floor he has a large studio, while in the rear is 
the framing department, in which only work of' the best 
quality is done. Mr. Dow is the agent tor some of' the 
best musical instruments in the world, notably the 
Henry Miller, Behr Bros.. Newby, and Evans pianos. 
the Mason and Hamlin, Estey, and Sterling organs. 



199 



J. C. Hardy. 

Mr. }. C. Hardy is the proprietor of a flourishing 

and constantly increasing business in grain, hay, straw, 
flour, coal, and wood. His warehouse, forty-rive feet 
by seventy-five, is a brick building, built by himself in 
[870. It is located at No. 188 Winter Street, on the 
line of the Boston and Maine Railway, in a situation 
convenient alike for dealer and customer. It has a 




'■srffi 



cemented cellar and possesses the very necessary quality 
of dryness, so much so as to fit it for a storehouse for 
grain. Mr. Hardy ships his hay and straw from New 
Hampshire, Maine, Canada, and New York, while his 
flour and grain he brings in directly from the West. He 
received last year about one thousand car-loads of mer- 
chandise, and handled five hundred tons of hay and 
about three thousand tons of coal. Since April, 1887, 
he has occupied No. 8 Emerson Street as a branch 
store. 



200 



George H. Hill. 



Twenty years ago the subject of this sketch began 
on a small scale, in connection with his lather, C. II. 
Hill, who kept a grocery store at 108 Winter Street, 
the business to which, in later years, he devoted his 
entire energy and time, llis original stock consisted 
of a few potted plants which were sold in connection 
with the store goods. As the demand increased the 
stock in trade enlarged until in a few years the busi- 
ness had grown to such proportions that he leased a 
store. 44 Winter Street, and devoted his entire time t<> 
the sale of plants and (lowers. The limited accommo- 
dations here soon necessitated another change, and in 
[885 the store at 14 Winter Street was fitted up and 
tilled with a select and ever increasing stock of flowers, 
flowering plants, and ornamental shrubs. Here are to 
be found at all times the rare novelties and newest 
varieties of the floral creation, and work from this 
establishment is justly celebrated. Mr. Hill is. and 
has been, closely identified with the rise and growth of 
floral culture in Haverhill. Twenty years ago not one 
well laid out or one well kept lawn could have been 
found within our city limits. Scarcely a house could 
be found that could boast of a well kept (lower garden, 
while ornamental trees and shrubs were practically 
unknown. Now all this is changed, and Haverhill 
homes are noted tor their beautiful surroundings. To 
Mr. Hill and his efforts is due in a great measure this 
marvelous change in public taste and opinion, and from 
his long experience he is able to give ideas in flori- 
culture that must be of value to his patrons and the 
public. 



201 



Th)e Sanders Leather Company. 

Trior to [870 every boot and shoe manufacturer 
was obliged to buy his solo leather by the side and to 
devote a large part of the room and labor of his factory 
to cutting and sorting it. This was a great disadvan- 
tage to him, as not only was a considerable amounl of 
capital and labor involved, but. owing to the innumera- 
ble grades and qualities in a side of leather, lie found 
himself loaded with a large proportion which lie could 
not use. 

Recognizing that in the numerous special lines of 
manufacture in this city there was a demand for every 
part of the leather if each could be put where it be- 
longed, Mr. Thomas Sanders in 1.S70 started the busi- 
ness ot sole leather cutting on a large scale, driving 
the entering wedge which has since revolutionized the 
system ot manufacture in this city. 

The Sanders Leather Company which succeeded 
to this business in [883, is still managed by Mr. San- 
ders, its president, and has steadily done a business "I 
half a million dollars a year. In [889 a considerable 
addition has been made to the facilities of the com- 
pany, which will enable it to do a business ot* three 
quarters of a million in future, cutting about 4,000 sides 
a week ot' the best union and oak leather. The busi- 
ness has extended to all parts of the United States 
where boots and shoes are made, very tew enlightened 
manufacturers adhering to the old system ol cutting 
their own leather. 

Many of the largest manufacturers in the West and 
South are the regular customers of the Sanders Leather 
Company. 

203 



excise Brothers. 



This firm of manufacturing stationers is composed 
of Messrs. George F., and Herbert A. Chase, 
both young men, who started a small printing 
business January 6, 1878, 
with one press, doing all 
the work themselves, since 
which time they have 
steadily enlarged to meet 
the demands of their in- 
creasing trade, until in 1889, 
the plant in their printing 
only press 1878. department includes six 

presses of the most approved patterns, together with 
all the standard faces of type and ever}- necessary 
appliance for the rapid production of first class work 
of every description. In connection with the above 
is a blank book manufactory, and a stationery de- 
partment where can be found every variety of blank 





\ _- N 

ONE OF SIX PRESSES 1 889. 



204 



Th]e Haverhill Bindery, 




hooks, office and counting room supplies: a feature 
ot the business being the manufacture to order oi 
special blank books, this being the only manufac- 
tory in the city. From their small beginning eleven 
years ago, the firm now occupies the lour story brick 
building, Nos. [3 and [5 Washington Street. The first 
book ever published, printed, and bound in this city 
came from this establishment. 

Previous to January, 1887, there was no book 
bindery in this city, and it was necessar} to send all 
work out of town for binding. 
Messrs. Chase Brothers, real- 
izing that this caused many 
delays and was a great incon- 
venience to their customers, 
added this department to their 
business, with the intention of 
doing only their own binding, 
thus having all work under 
their immediate control and 

supervision. That this enter- Hs- 

• ■ 1 ■ I 

prise was appreciated is 

shown by the tact that their 

order trade has more than 

doubled since the addition, and a large and increasing 

business comes from out of town. In this department 

are manufactured the Excelsior blank books, which 

are recognized as the most complete line in tin- trade, 

the ledger paper being manufactured especially for 

them, and each book receives a custom binding far 

superior to the "team work" on man} competing lines. 



- 1 1 11 1 11 1 

IG'CCEI 




jo: 



Tl\e Carletori School. 

The village of Bradford, opposite and within easy 
reach of Haverhill, has always been a favored locality 
with reerard to schools, from Father GreenleaPs time, 
when the celebrated Bradford Academy, then a school 
for both sexes, was under his guardianship, until the 
present, when side by side with this time-honored 
institution, now reserved for the gentler sex alone, 
stands another school, adapted for masculine youthful- 
ness and vigor. 

In the center of this healthful and beautiful village, 
and occupying its most attractive site, is the Carleton 
School. This institution was established in 1884 and 
is a classical and English school for boys. 

The principal, I. N. Carleton, A. M., Ph. D. is well 
known as a former instructor for four years in Phillips 
Academy, Andover, and for fourteen years principal 
of the State Normal School of Connecticut, at New 
Britain. He is assisted by a well qualified corps of 
teachers, and is thus able to give to pupils the individ- 
ual attention that they need, and which can not be ob- 
tained in a large school. 

Parents traveling abroad, or for any other reason 
unable to provide a suitable home for their boys, can 
here rind the comforts and advantages of a cultivated 
home and a thorough school, besides those naturally 
attached to a quiet village which is yet within a 
moment's reach of a large city. The disposition of the 
individual scholar, his adaptedness to a particular line 
of work, his predisposition to one study or another 
here receive that thoughtful and careful consideration 
that are denied the attendants upon larger schools. 

206 



Weeks, Currinnings, ar\d Corripany. 

Messrs. Weeks, Cummings, and Company, proprie- 
tors oi extensive steam polishing granite and marble 

works at No. 51 Main Street in Haverhill and across 
the Merrimack River in Bradford, invite public atten- 
tion to the great advantages to the buyer which result 
from their ample facilities and from their long and ex- 
tensive experience in the manufacture and sale ol mon- 
umental work. 

They call atten- 
tion also to the 
evident tact that 
the great extent 
of their business 
and the convenient 
location of thei 
s t e a m polishin; 
mill and principa 
manufactory, be- 
tween the railwa\ 
and tide-water, both contribute materially to reduce the 
cost of manufacturing, handling, and shipping monu- 
mental work to the minimum. 

They have at all times on hand in their warerooms 
a larsre and varied stock of finished monumental work, 
as well as a complete collection oi the most tasteful 
and practical designs. Correspondence is invited. 

The senior member of the firm was the designer ol 
the soldiers' monument, to which reference was made 
in the earlier pages of this book, which has given 
general satisfaction to the Haverhill public, and which 
is a sufficient guarantee «»t his artistic taste. 




20; 



Mitchell arid Conqpariy, 

This firm, now consisting of F. J. Mitchell and 
George Thayer, began business in 1876 with a small 
stock of goods in a store containing only 1250 feet of 



flooring, but has been compelled to increase its space 
by the demand of a constantly growing business until 
now it boasts one of the largest and best appointed dry 
goods houses in Essex County, the making of cloaks 
being a specialty. 

208 



Th|e Mernnnack National Bank, 

Organized July 5, [814, can safely claim to be the 
oldest financial institution in Haverhill. It paid ninety- 
seven semi-annual dividends, averaging four per cent as 
a state bank, and as a National hank has averaged semi- 
annual dividends of five per cent on its capital stock of 
$240,000. Its officers are: President, C. \V. Chase; 
vice-president, John B. Nichols: cashier, Ubert A. Kil- 




lam ; directors. C. W. Chase. Moses Nichols, John B. 
Nichols, Dudley Porter, P. C. Swett, Woodbury Noyes, 
J. L. Hobson, C. E. Wiggin, John Pilling, C. \V. Ar- 
nold. The bank's policy has alwavs been the wise one 
of w regarding wholly the agricultural and manufacturing 
interests of Haverhill and vicinity in loaning money." 
Its statement October 4, [888, showed: Capital stock. 
$240,000; surplus. $120,000; individual deposits, $4 10,- 
000; United States deposits, $105,000. Its deposits 
averaged, from [814 to [850, $( >.< kx>; i 85* > to 1 81 
000; [864 to 1876, $86,000; [876 to 1888, $ >o. 



209 



Bradford flcadenqy 

Is the oldest seminary for young women in the 
country, founded in 1803, and incorporated in 1804. 
The school edifice, including the boarding and school 
department under the same roof, is located near the 
center of an area of twenty-five acres. The location is 
high, the air is fresh, sunlight abundant. Pupils have 
invigorating exercise in the open air, boating and skat- 
ing on the lake, bowling in the alley, or walking in the 
grove. The open grounds are laid out in spacious lawns 
and adorned with shrubs and flowers. Paths are laid 
through the forest, along the side of the lake, through 
the dense thickets and the open woods, affording many 
views of wild and picturesque beauty. 

The curriculum includes both classical and English 
courses of study. 

Bradford Academy is in the interest of Christian 
education. The design is the development of Chris- 
tian womanhood. By the best nurture, by the choicest 
instruction, by all personal influence and example, the 
teachers endeavor to train the pupils for the highest ser- 
vice to which God may call them. 

Trustees. — Hon. George Cogswell, M. D., Presi- 
dent, Bradford; Ezra Farnsworth, Vice-President, Bos- 
ton; John Crowell, M. D., Secretary, Haverhill; Doane 
Cogswell, A. M., Treasurer, Bradford; Rev. John D. 
Kingsbury, D. D., Bradford; Hon. William A. Russell, 
Boston; Rev. James H. Means, D. D., Boston; Rev. 
Edmund K. Alden, D. D., Boston; Elbridge Torrey, 
Boston; Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Boston. 

Clerk. — Harrison E. Chadwick, A. M., Bradford. 

Principal. — Miss Annie E.Johnson. 

210 



The Second National Bank. 

The Second National Bank of Haverhill was char- 
tered May 25, [886, began business Jnlv [, and in 
October moved into its present quarters, No. $5 
Washington Street, expressly fitted for the purpose. 
The following were chosen directors: fohn A. Gale, 
George A. Greene, Joseph \Y. Vittum, John Pilling, 
George II. Carleton, James II. Winchell, George A. 
Hall, Edgar (). Bullock, John W. Russ, George E. 




;!« 




Elliott, Charles \Y. Arnold. Mr. John A. Gale, to 
whose untiring efforts the starting of the bank was 
mainly clue, was elected president: Mr. George 11. 
Carleton, vice-president; Mr. C. II. Goodwin, cashier. 
Thanks to the efforts of the president, and directors, 
the bank has pursued a steady, progressive course from 
the start. Its object has always been and continues to 
be, to assist in business young men of worth and ability. 



J I I 



Saiiriders Brothers. 



Only six years ago, in 1883, Messrs. Albert F. and 
George Saunders, under the firm name of Saunders 
Brothers, began business as plumbers and tinsmiths, 
and dealers in stoves, furnaces, and gas fixtures, start- 
ing in a small way, employing but two men. The 
extent and development of their plant and business 

may be partially inferred 
from the fact that they em- 
ploy eight times as many 
workmen now. Their 
salesroom, at No. 9 Emer- 
son Street, fifty feet long 
and forty feet wide, is hand- 
somely fitted up with all 
necess a r y appertenanees, 
is admirably adapted for the 
exhibition" and display of 
goods in their line, and is, 
without doubt, one of the 
finest in the city. The 
manufacturing is earned on 
in a two-story building in the rear. They make a 
specialty of the Highland range and Chilson furnace. 
Mr. George Saunders retired about a year ago, but the 
firm name remains the same. 

The same attention to every praetical detail, the 
same energy and enterprise, the same honesty and thor- 
oughness in the exeeution of whatever is entrusted to 
their hands, that originated and continued the sueeess 
of the firm, still remain with it and ensure satisfaction. 




212 



Haverhill Iron WorKs. 

Some of our enterprising citizens in [881, realizing 
the need of a variety of interests to advance the pros- 
perity of Haverhill, formed the corporation known as 
the Haverhill Iron Works for the manufacture of cast- 
ings and almost all kinds of finished machinery and 
heating apparatus. In [889 the company is doing a busi- 
ness at the rate of $100,000 a year, or more than double 
what it has ever before done, as our citizens have found 
out that all their iron work can be done cheaper and 
better here than elsewhere. It has just dawned upon 
this community that there is nothing in the line of shaft- 
ing, machinery, or boiler work, either for power or steam 
or hot water heating, that cannot be satisfactorily sup- 
plied by the Haverhill Iron Works. 'This company has 
been looked upon simply as a foundry, and. with the dis- 
position which all citizens have to patronize home in- 
dustries, no one has ordered columns, store fronts, fire 
escapes, door steps, hitching posts, gas posts, man-holes, 
or any other casting any where else, but it never occurred 
to main' of them until now how varied arc the capabili- 
ties of this institution and that the most intricate ma- 
chinery that is now being run in our nail factories and 
shoe shops is made here. No system of heating lias yet 
been devised that equals the hot water plant which this 
company constructs. It is admirable in every way and 
gives perfect satisfaction to all who have tried it. 

Every kind of piping and repairing is done at the 
down town office <»f the company at 82 Washington 
Street, where the superintendent, Mr. M. S. Holmes, 
can be found ready to make estimates or contracts tot 
e\ erything in his line. 

213 



Perley R. Storie. 

Four years ago September ist Mr. Perley A. Stone 
commenced business, having previously had an ex- 
perience of seven years in the employ of Mr. J. II. 
Durgin. He located at 17 and 19 Railroad Square in 
the Gardner Block. As business increased he hired 
additional room on Granite and Washington streets, 
until January 1, 1887, when he removed to one of the best 
factories in Haverhill, Sanders' new building, which he 

now occupies, 
p ^esr~^^=^ and in addi- 

tion the small 
building ad- 
joining. His 
s p e c i a 1 1 y is 
ladies', miss- 
es , and chil- 
dren's, men's, 
■ » boys', and 
youth's turn- 
ed slippers. 
These goods 
- ' are largely 

sewed by the 
fr national pro- 
cess "\ which, supplemented by his patent method of 
channeling, makes the strongest seam possible. His 
business has gained from the first in volume until now 
he makes as many slippers as any house here. He is for- 
tunate in having associated with him, as a special partner, 
Mr. Luther S. Johnson of Lynn, who is one of the fore- 
most business men of our sister city and of the country. 




iiiJiE., 



-s-Jta; 



J L1 I I I 

1 t!h i MM Mil 




&^m 



214 



B. F, Leighton and Co, 

In 1878 an enterprise of an entirely new type was 
inaugurated in Haverhill, when Mr. B. V. Leighton 
established the first and the only wholesale grocen 
house in the city. He did at first but a moderate busi- 
ness, about one car-load per week being the usual 
average necessary to supply the demands of his trade, 
while now the firm handles weekly four times as much. 
Two years later, in 1SS0, the firm name was changed to 
B. F. Leighton and Company, Mr. Leighton taking into 
partnership with him Mr. Jackson Webster, a man of 
energy and experience. 

Every article, from the largest to the smallest, from 
the wooden clothes-pin to the barrel of Hour or the 
hogshead of molasses, every form of merchandise kepi 
by a first-class grocery house, can be found here, and 
of prime quality. The firm are agents for such houses as 
Washburn, Martin, and Company, and also for the Sil- 
ver Spray (lour, the best family article milled in the 
West, which serves to bear out their reputation for 
honest and reliable goods. They contribute to the 
satisfaction of the tastes of a large contingent of a 
grocer's customers by keeping all of the leading brands 
of tobacco and cigars. 

It is a well known tact that they offer every induce- 
ment and sell goods at the lowest possible prices. Their 
trade is tar from being confined to Haverhill, but they 
supply the surrounding country as well. They secured 
a year ago the services of Mr. Harvey 1\. Eastman as 
salesman, a young man well known and liked by the 
trade, and who the firm are satisfied will do all in his 
power to make everything pleasant for their customers. 

21S 



J, H. Wirictiell ar\d Corrjpariy. 



What an integral part of the life and prosperity of 
Haverhill the shoe business is, has already been told 
in this volume, but, perhaps, a clearer idea can be ob- 
tained by the ordinary reader from a brief account of 
one manufactory. The illustrations given are of the 
shoe manufactory of J. II. Winchell and Company, 

a ri r m which 
makes an aver- 
age out put of 
3700 pairs of 
shoes, men's, 
w o m e n's, and 
children's, a day. 
The Washing- 
ton Street factory, which is rive stories high, covering 
a lot 125 by 40 feet in area, is devoted to the making of 
women's and misses' boots and slippers, employs 300 
hands, and turns out 2500 pairs of finished shoes each 
working day. 

The Phoenix Row factory, four stories high, 65 by 28 
feet in dimensions, ^^^rf^ 





turns out men's and 

boys' buff, calf, and 

Dongola goods, fur- 

nishes employment 

to one hundred and J 

seventy-five hands, ' 

and manufactures 

1,200 pairs per diem. In addition, the firm has a 

factory at Candia, N. H., which has a daily output of 



216 



600 pairs. The firm makes a specialty of medium and 
low -rack' goods, and its productions are sold in almost 
every large city in the United States, from Belfast in 
the East to San Francisco in the West. As m;l \ be im- 
agined t'n.m the number of hands employed and tin- 
vast amount of goods manufactured, the establishment 
is a great factor in the- industrial lite of the city, dis- 
tributing as it does, in the various ramifications inci- 
dent to so large a plant, nearly $7000 a week in w. 
The firm consists of James II. Winchell and Myron L. 
Whitcomb. Mr. Winchell has been in business in the 
city, most oi the time in the shoe business proper, 
lor thirty-one years and has grown with its growth, 
prospered with its prosperity. lie is a keen business 
man, energetic and far-sighted, quick to seize an oppor- 
tunity; and the history of the progress of his business, 
from a three story building, 60 by 20, employing some 
seventy-rive hands, which he occupied some twelve 
years ago, to its present enormous proportions, is but 
an epitome of the history of the city itself. His career 
is but an exemplification of the possibilities afforded in 
Haverhill for bright, capable young men to carve out 
position and prosperity. 

Mr. Myron L. Whitcomb, the junior partner, is a 
young man who has been connected with the firm only 
two years, but who. by his business ability and shrewd- 
ness, promises to become, in the not distant future, one 
of Haverhill's most prominent and far-sighted business 
men. 

The firm manufactures for the jobbing trade in all 
parts of the country. The Boston office is at No. 
106 1-2 Summer Street. 



2 1 



J. H. LeBosqiiet arid Conqpariy. 




The above is an exterior view of the old and exten- 
sive furniture house of }. II. LeBosqiiet and Company. 
Nos. 68 to 74 Merrimack Street, affording over iS,ooo 
square feet of floor room. From small beginnings in 
1852 the business has steadily increased, until now 
seven times as much space is required. The same 
energy, enterprise, and square dealing- which gave the 
Arm their start have continued to characterize them 
since, and their goods are their best advertisement. 



218 



H. L. Dole. 



II. L. Dole, jeweler, came to Haverhill from Hal- 
lowell, Maine, in [865, and commenced busine 

No. 4 Merrimack Street, under the firm name- of II. L. 
Dole and Co. Twelve years later the firm ceased to 
exist, and Mr. Dole became the sole proprietor of the 
business, which had steadily increased in volume from 
the first. 

In [879 Mr. Dole removed to his present fine store, 
occupying the entire first flat at No. i<> Merrimack 
Street. Mr. Dole has an unexcelled reputation, and 
his store is frequented by persons looking for first class 
goods in his line. His establishment is headquarters 
for all grades of jeweh-3 of the latest and most choice 
designs. The display is large and complete of watches, 
gold and plated chains, rings, and solid silver and 
plated ware of all kinds. Anything that can be found 
anywhere in a first class jewelry store can be found at 
this popular establishment. Mr. Dole employs trust- 
worthy clerks, and customers are sure of prompt atten- 
tion and polite treatment. The optical department, 
under the management of Mr. E. A. Gage, is a new 
feature, and spectacles and eye glasses are carefully 
adjusted so as to give the greatest possible relief to 
weak or defective vision of all kinds. Particular at- 
tention is also given to repairing of watches, clocks, 
and jewelry, and satisfaction in this line is guaranteed 
in every ease. 

Mr. Dole makes all selections ami purchases in 
person, and his large experience enables him to select 
the best goods, and at the lowest figures. 



2 lo 



Broods Brothers, 



The well known firm of Brooks Brothers, now the 
oldest dry goods house in Haverhill, began business in 
1858 at No. 10 Main Street, subsequently moving in 
1 86 1 and 1866 as the demands of their increasing busi- 
ness or the tendency of trade 
suggested. In 1869 they were 
compelled, to accommodate 
the growing requirements of 
the public, to buy a place of 
their own, leasing the upper 
stories for other purposes. As 
time wore on, they needed 
these for their own use, and 
now occupy all four stories at 
No. 20 Merrimack Street, with 
an annex in the rear, covering 
an area of nearly ten thousand 
square feet and yet have none 
too much room. They carry 
a stock of dress goods, silks, 
cloaks, cloakings, domestics, 
small wares, and carpets not to be excelled this side of 
Boston. 

Besides this immense and varied assortment of goods, 
which brings the advantages of metropolitan stores 
within reach of the citizens of Haverhill, and the large 
space which the} - have come to utilize for its storage 
and display, the firm has an abundant force of clerks 
and all of its dealings with the public are marked by a 
characteristic spirit of courtesy and lair dealing. 




220 



Janqes Busfield. 



It is evident to even the most casual observer, thai 
the manufacture ot machinery is one that requires a na- 
tive fondness for mechanical pursuits, a close applica- 
tion to detail, and, when done on a large scale, the 
command of skilled workmen and extensive facilities. 
Mr. James Busfield, who succeeded in [880 the long 
established and well known firm ot E. Everson, doing 
business in Mechanics' Court and engaged in the manu- 
facture of shoe machinery, rolling mills, strippers, etc., 
as well as in general repairing <>i the sort, had the ad- 
vantage of the plant and the reputation he thus acquired 
and has carried on a successful business ever since. lie 
has the innate desire of men who are masters ol their 
art to do good work, so that it shall speak well ot" them. 

The increase in the number ol his customers and 
the enlargement of his business have compelled him 
latch' to move his establishment to more commodious 
and central quarters at No. 66 Phoenix Row. 

Mr. Busfield is himself a thorough machinist, has 
none but first-class workmen in his employ, is able and 
ready to exercise over them an intelligent supervision, 
and is therefore able to do his work at the lowesl pos- 
sible figures consistent with good workmanship and a 
satisfactory job. 

In putting up shafting and machinery in the majority 
of Haverhill factories, Mr. Busfield has come in close 
contact with our business men; and. from the thorough- 
ness of his work and the strict attention he gives to 
matters of detail, his business relations with his cus- 
tomers have proved more than satisfactory to both 
parties. 

j _> 1 



Tt]e Haverhill arid GroVelar\d 
Street Railway 




Was built in 1877 from Haverhill to Groveland, 
three miles, and was equipped with four cars and eight 
horses, carrying daily about four hundred passengers. 
Its capital stock was $24,000. It has grown since 
until now it owns thirty-eight cars and eighty-five 
horses, with fourteen miles of track, carries daily about 
twenty-five hundred people, and has a capital stock of 
$144,000. The immediate management of the road is 
in the hands of a number of Haverhill's representative 
business men, as follows: Directors, Hon. Levi Tay- 
lor, Ira O. Sawyer, William H. Smiley, Ira A. Abbott, 
John A. Gale, John A. Colby, Philip C. Swett; presi- 
dent, Ira O. Sawyer; clerk and treasurer, John A. Colby. 

The offices of the company are situated in the build- 
ins: shown in the above cut at the foot of Main Street. 



222 



Fred G. Richards. 



At the age of twenty-one Mr. Richards entered 1 1n- 
stable business in partnership with his father, who had 
boughl in [856 what is now the oldest stable stand in 
the city, it having been used for that purpose over 
eights" years. Here can be found anything from a tally- 
ho coach to a saddle-horse, barges, hacks, carriages, <>f 
all sorts, and accommodations tor a hundred horses. 
The facilities for boarding and tor transient trade are 
unusually good. There is a pleasant waiting-room for 
ladies, a good office, a harness-room, and wash-room 
connected, all heated by hot water. The stable is never 
closed, so that an order, by telephone or in person. 
never tails of attention day or night. Conveniences for 
hot and cold water, electric bells, electric lights, and 
telephone combine with the other facilities to make- the 
business the largest in this line and the most complete 
in this part of the state. 

Mr. Richards has not limited his enterprise to the 
stable business alone, but in [886 he formed a co-part- 
nership with Mr. G. II. Dole, under the name oi 
Richards and Dole, and bought out the old and well 
known undertaking establishment of J. H. Cummings. 
Mr. Dole was brought up an undertaker, serving years 
at the trade, as his father before him pursued it. s,» that he 
united a peculiar fitness for the business with Mr. 
Richards" extensive livery. The firm have added new 
equipments and all the modern conveniences, and have 
obtained a large business and a good reputation not 
only in Haverhill but in the surrounding country, in 
which they have many patrons. 



223 



Tl^e Haverhill National BariK, 

Succeeded in 1864 the Haverhill Bank, which was 
incorporated in 1836. In 1882 it moved into its present 
elegant rooms in the Masonic Building, fitted up ex- 
pressly for its use. Besides the greater room needed 
lor its large and increasing business, it has obtained fire 
and burglar proof vaults, constructed in the very best 

manner known 
to science, and 
which afford ab- 
solute security. 
The bank's capi- 
tal is $200,000, 
surplus f u n d, 
$100,000, un- 
divide d profits 
about $25,000. 
The manage- 
ment means that 
a liberal spirit of 
ac commodation 
and a courteous 
and kindly attention in its dealings with the public shall 
characterize this bank. The officers are: President, A. 
Washington Chase; vice-president, John E. Gale; 
cashier, Benjamin I. Page; directors, A. Washington 
Chase, Amos W. Downing, Daniel Fitts, John E. Gale, 
George A. Kimball, John J. Marsh, Eben Mitchell, 
Thomas S. Ruddock, Thomas Sanders. The uniformly 
prosperous course of the bank in the past affords 
reasonable and trustworthy assurance of its continued 
success in the future. 




224 



E. W. Gould 



"All flesh is grass " and all the clothing worn by civi- 
lized man becomes in time discolored and soiled, h 
was the recognition of this tact that firsl induced Mr. 
E. W. Gould, proprietor of the Bay State Dyeing and 
Cleansing Works at [40 Merrimack Streel to open his 
establishment and to ask lor the patronage of Haver- 
hill's citizens. Mr. Gould had been in the business for 
many years in the neighboring eit\ of Lawrence, but 
recognized the superior advantages offered in Haverhill, 
where, owing to the fact that in these days, when the 
shades and colors can scarcely be enumerated, and 
when the inexorable rule of fashion permits a shade to 
be popular but one season, the services of a practical 
dyer are necessary to almost every family, he has ob- 
tained a large and constantly increasing patronage, a 
patronage which has compelled him to add all the mod- 
ern improvements to his establishment, therein greatly 
increasing his facilities for line work. 

It has always been a boast with the establishment. 
and one reason for its success, that only the best of dyes 
and chemicals are used and that an experience of thirty- 
five years of practical work enables it to guarantee 
its dyeing and cleansing to be equal to that done in the 
best establishment to be found in the country; and how 
indeed could it be otherwise, with Mr. Gould with his 
thirty-five years of experience at the head of the con- 
cern, and employing only the best and most careful 
workmen, under his immediate supervision, in all the 
ramifications of his business.- To have dresses dyed or 
clothes cleaned by him is to have them renovated, 
made as good as new. 



Hoyt ar]d Taylor, 



The firm of Hoyt and Taylor, well and favorably 
known in Haverhill, consisting of Levi Taylor and 
Everett Hoyt, began business ten years ago, August 6, 
[879. They carry on a very extensive business, both 
wholesale and retail, in doors, windows, blinds, mould- 
ings, hard wood, fancy lumber, glass, putty, builders' 

hardware, fancy hardware, 
sewer pipe, paints, oils, etc. 
They occupy the store at 
No. 152 Merrimack Street, 
with the building in its rear, 
besides storehouses, etc., the 
whole comprising some 
thirty thousand feet of floor- 
ing. They aim to carry in 
stock everything usually 
kept in a large and first- 
class hardware store or re- 
quired by the needs of 
carpenters and builders. 
The opportunities afforded 
by this large stock and close attention to business have 
combined to increase a business at first local by a large 
out-of-town trade, supplying builders' material from 
Maine to Connecticut. 

The firm has abundant capital at its command as 
occasion requires, possesses an energetic and sagacious 
business spirit, and is likely to still farther advance its 
success. Attentive and courteous in their dealings with 
customers, its members have obtained the reward that 
naturally follows. 




226 



Ellis and Connor, 

I he firm oi Ellis and Connor, which is composed of 
Charles A. Ellis and John II. Connor, general partners, 
and Dudley Porter, special partner succeeded in April, 
[887, to the machine sewed business of Goodrich and 
Porter which latter firm had for years ranked as one of 
the most substantial and heaviest firms of the city. Their 
successors are young and enterprising men who seem 
destined to keep up the high reputation achieved by 
their predecessors. The specialties of the firm are 
glazed Dongola button boots in McKay, hand sewed, 
and Goodyear welt, and they are sold by the case to the 
jobbing trade of the country from Portland. Maine, on 
the East, to Portland, Oregon, on the West. The goods 
manufactured by them have the best reputation for 
style and quality. Indeed they are Haverhill shoes in 
the highest sense of the word, which is synonymous 
with the statement that in all that tends to make per- 
fect footwear they are well nigh unsurpassable. 

Their production amounts to four thousand cases, 
thirty-six pairs in each, per annum, of high grade goods, 
and this is by no means their limit, as they are steadily 
pushing onward and their facilities arc- of the very best, 
their factory being fitted with all the latest machinery 
so that all orders are tilled with the utmost promptness 
and dispatch. Their trade mark, E. .V C, can be found 
stamped on shoes for sale in nearly, it" not quite, every 
city in this great country, and when found it is but an- 
other advertisement for the city to which this book is 
devoted, since it is a certain testimony to the skill of its 
workmen, the judgment and enterprise "fits manufact- 
urers, and the reliability and beauty of their products. 

--7 



W. F. ar]d J. fl. BlaKe. 

The business of the above firm was established 
some ten years ago by Mr. Wilbur F. Blake, who, in 
1 885, associated with him his brother, J. Albert Blake, 
under the present firm name. They have several 
times, by their increasing business, been forced to 
change to more commodious quarters, and now occupy 
the entire building shown in the cut, erected by Elijah 
Fox, and known as the Fox Block. The building 
itself, one of the most solidly constructed blocks in the 

': -'■ , city, is, without 

* doubt, the best 

• equipped and best 
J lighted factory in 
'Haverhill. 

This firm em- 
ploys about two 
hundred of the 
best skilled opera- 
tives in the city, 
on the higher 
grades of machine 
■i and hand sewed 
shoes, both in 
turns and welts. 







They make the largest number of pairs of fine shoes 
made by any one factory in Haverhill. 

Messrs. Blake control the product of two large fac- 
tories, one in Calais, Me., known as the St. Croix Shoe 
Company, under the efficient management of Mr. W. 
C. Renne, and a factory at Winstead, Conn. Their 
Boston office is at 22 Hi^rh Street. 



228 



Janqes C. Bates. 



One <>! the best establishments in the city is 
that of James C. Bates, jeweler, 79 Merrimack 
Street. Mr. Bates is a native of New Bedford but 
took up his residence in this city in [865, where he 
entered the employ of Kimball and Gould, in which 
establishment he remained as employee and partner 
until he entered into business for himself April 27, 
[879. For fifteen years Mr. Bates worked at the 
b e n c h a s a 
w at e h-m a k e r, 
and the thorough 
km) w 1 e d ge of 
t h e business 
thus acquired 
has stood him in 
stead since he 
started business 
for himself. His 
establi shin en t 
contains all the 
goods that are 
usually to be 
found in one ol 
its kind, while the taste and thorough knowledg< 
the proprietor have been instrumental in building up a 
large and constantly increasing trade, a trade so large 
that five workmen are constantly employed in at- 
tending to its demands. I lis success is but another 
proof of the possibilities which lie before any man in 
this country who is not afraid to work and who thor- 
oughly acquaints himseli with his profession. 







Island S^ock Farrri. 



Northern Massachu - hardly the ideal place 

for the establishment of a stock farm. The long severe 
winters, the variable climate, the herbage itself will 

hardly compare favorably with that of California or 
Kentucky. And vet there are stock farms, and good 
ones, in Massachusetts, farms where some of the best 
bred and fastest specimen- of the trotting horse, at 
once the pride and enjoyment of the American people, 
can be found. The little town of Bradford lies on the 
southern bank of the beautiful Merrimack, just ac 
from Haverhill and it is in this little town that Island 
Stock Farm, the propertv of Colonel H. H. Hal-, 
located. The farm is beautifully situated, the barns 
and farm house being in close proximity to the river, 
and in fact derives its name from a large island on the 
Merrimack u^ed for pasturage purposes. The farm is 
divided into several sections and contains, in all. some 
ei^ht hundred acres, under the general direction of Mr. 
II. L. Burpee, a practical Vermont bred farmer, as 
superintendent. Island Stock Farm proper contains 
about two hundred and fifty acres, and on it is situated 
as fine a collection of stables as can be found on any 
farm of its kind east of Kentucky, and it is here that 
the trotting stock is kept, the remaining sections being 
devoted to cattle, pigs, sheep, and hens, all of the finest 
breeds and carefully selected. The farm itself is under 
the highest state of cultivation, and the crop> are so ex- 
tensive, that, despite the enormous outlay incurred by 
the proprietor, it is practically self-sustaining. 

At the head of the stud is Warder, by Belmont, 
dam Waterwitch by Pilot jr.. making him an own 

230 



- 
nut, five 

which he will be, . _ 

iintk ful handlin_ ball, 

the efficient tr 

. although the pre 
only stallion at the farm, 

him old bay stallii I by 

ucky . dam by R\ 

s 
md wh much | 

: Lam ( 2 - L 

dam Gyp by Redpath, and C Winth Till, 

dam by Champion Morrill, r 

ther tr> 
an imported Percheron stallion. Major I> 

sists of three impor ron m 

_ it 1700 pounds, and 
eroi>. the average weight 

There are the farm. 

clue"; a _ _ 5 as Silvers 

Grand S el, dam Peru Belle, an 

St tegist, in tbal to W V.da Wi Ilam- 

bletoniar W "am the dai 

: Madam Bnx". 
dam Molly by Magna Charta: Belvid 

hen; Kant - >, by 

Mambrim Wilkes; Oak M 
tta, by Young Jim, el 

_ 

_ 
and 



- 



Tlpnnas H. Bailey. 

This pharmacy, located at 23 Merrimack Street, 
was founded by Mr. George A. Kimball in 1849, and 

carries 



on 
the largest 
p r e s c r i p- 
tio n busi- 
ness in the 
city. The 
p rescri p- 
ti o n num- 
ber of this 
e stab 1 ish- 
ment to- 
day reads 
upwards of 
150,000. 
which does 
not include 
duplicates: 
had these 
been num- 
bered, the 
figures 
would read 
4 5 0,0 o o. 
Oxer 400,- 
000 of these 
p rescri p- 
tions have been prepared since Mr. Bailey became 
identified with this branch of the business, and he- 
points with pride to this magnificent record. 




232 



Floyd and Pea body. 

Messrs. Floyd and Peabody are young, energetic 
men who were broughl up in the clothing busiri 
and who are thoroughly acquainted with the demands 
and needs of the retail trade in their line. The ready 
mack- clothing business has, of late years, assumed for- 
midable proportions, and has made vasl inroads into 
the field of patronage formerly held exclusively by the 
custom tailor. To-day a retail clothier in any large 
city has to keep in stock goods which, for excellence 
of material, style of workmanship, fit, and general ap- 
pearance, cannot be surpassed, at the price, by any 
first class tailor. There is a large and constantly in- 
creasing circle of what is known as the ff nobby" trade. 
Rutin a city like Haverhill, the metropolis of a i 
suburban area, there is still another class to be catered 
to, a class which demand only good articles at reason- 
able prices and who are not so particular as to style. 
Moreover, children at the present day are almost inva- 
riably clothed by a retail clothier, and the style of their 
garments is constant!} changing, while, to stand the 
wear and tear to which they are put. only the finest 
and most substantial cloth can be used. Since their 
business career commenced, over five years ago, the 
subjects of this sketch have been indefatigable in cater- 
ing not only to all these branches of their trade but 
also to furnishing goods and all the minor details ofa 
patronage which is constantly increasing and which has 
impelled them to add vastly to their (from the begin- 
ning) large and commodious store. They have at- 
tained the confidence of the public, and will keep it. 
Their place of business is at 84 and No Merrimack Street. 

233 



J, H. SayWard. 

The Up Town Hardware Store, of which J. II. Say- 
ward is the proprietor, was established in 1883. 

At that time the growth of the city on Mount 
Washington and vicinity seemed to him to warrant the 
opening of a store up town, and his judgment proved to 
be correct. His business has increased to such an extent 
that where only one man was employed during the first 
two years, he now employs three besides his book- 
keeper. His floor surface is far too small to show up the 
line of goods he carries in as convenient and pleasing 

a manner as he would like, 
although he has kept adding 
to it from time to time as 
his business would allow, 
until at the present time he 
occupies 4300 square feet 
of salesroom supplied with 
all the modern conveni- 
ences of the present day. 
His greatest specialty is 
fishing tackle, and it is con- 
ceded by all, that his store 
^-, is headquarters for anything 
*" in that line. 
He also carries a full line of builders' and general 
hardware, farmers' and mechanics' supplies, paints and 
oils, glass and putty, and everything usually found in a 
first class hardware store; and he has shown by his 
push and energy, by a strict attention to business, and 
by keeping pace with the times, that he merits and has 
received a generous share of patronage. 




234 



The Perjtiickef Variable Stitch 
Sewing Machine 

The Pentucket Variable Stitch Sewing Machine is 
a Haverhill invention, and is owned and controlled 
almost entirely by Haverhill capital. K\ its means the 
possibilities of execution of the sewing machine have 
been largely increased, since it does easily and com- 
pletely a class of work which. Up to the time of its in- 
vention, was done entirely b\ hand. The machine is a 
marvel of simplicity, and is constructed according 
the most improved methods known in the art of sewing 
machine manufacture. All the parts are interchangea- 
ble and are made of the best material in the best possi- 
manner. No other sewing machine can compete with 
it in the beauty and excellence of the class of work 
produced, and an ordinary sewing machine operator 
can, with a tew hours" practice, run it. and can close- 
ly imitate all the fancy stitches now made by hand. It 
will make thousands of fancy Stitches without attach- 
ments, and a change from one stitch to another can be 
made instantly while the machine is in motion it' 
desired. It will make a lock-stitch which will not 
ravel, and silk, linen, cotton thread, or floss of any size 
can be used. Moreover, the machine works equally 
well on non-elastic or elastic fabrics, and boots ami shoes, 
corsets, gloves, etc., can be leather or fanc\ stitched 
with the greatest ease. As may be seen, the machine 
tills a long fell want, and its success is not surprising. 

Mr. William II. Smiley is the president of the «, 
poration, Charles I low aid Poor, secretary, and the 
home otliee is in I Ia\ erhill. 



235 



Har)scorr[ Brothers, 



Haverhill is the center of a large agricultural terri- 
tory, and the firm of Hanscom Brothers has thriven by 
attention to its wants. The firm, then consisting of M. 
W. and W. A. Hanscom, bought out in 1865 the long- 
established firm of Paul and Farrington and has since 
that time been located at No. 30 Main Street, on the 

same spot, although a new 
building has been erected 
during that time for their 
occupancy. Their stock 
comprises paints, oils, hard- 
ware, agricultural imple- 
ments, seeds, etc. Their 
trade embraces not only a 
large part of northern Essex 
but also nearly all of Rock- 
ingham County in New 
Hampshire, and it is no un- 
common thing during the" 
spring and summer to see 
the street in front of their 
store crowded with the wagons of farmers who have 
come from ten to thirty miles for the purpose of deal- 
ing: with Hanscom Brothers. During the first ten years 
a close attention to business, a keen observation, and a 
careful consideration of the wants of their trade reaped 
their natural and legitimate fruit in a five-fold increase 
of their business, and the growth since has been in the 
same proportion, steady and constant. The firm now 
consists of M. W. and J. A. Hanscom. 




236 



C. T, Weaver, 



Although Haverhill is one of the healthiest citi< 
that most healthy state, Massachusetts, yet "the w; 

oi sin is death." and no elixir lias, as yet, been discov- 
ered which will averl inevitable decay and death. 
Since this is so. and the last sad rites of respect must 
be paid to our departed ere they return to the dust 
from whence they sprang, that city is indeed fortunate 
which can command the services of :i competent 
undertaker and funeral director: and such, there can be 
no question, Mr. Carlos T. Weaver is. Me is thor- 
oughly versed in all the details of his profession, has 
had years of experience and careful instruction in all 
its branches, and, moreover, carries a large and com- 
plete line ot caskets, coffins, robes, etc. llis busil 
attained its present proportions only after years of 
steady industry and personal attention, lor it is a busi- 
ness as susceptible of growth as any other, and the 
qualifications required lor success are as great if not 
greater than in any other. 

The confidence oi his clients must be gained, con- 
fidence in his skill as well as honesty, ami this con- 
fidence Mr. Weaver has acquired. Haverhill people 
led the assurance, that, when his services are required, 
they will receive just what they want: that the same 
attention will be paid to the poor as to the rich, and 
that only in the minor details will the difference be 
perceptible; and his perfect tact, his sympathy, and 
attention are at the service of all alike. Both his 
office and house are connected by telephone, and calls 
at any hour of the day and night will receive immedi- 
ate attention. Ilis warerooms are at ^ \ Main Street. 

237 



LeBosqiiet Brothers. 

The business established by C. B. LeBosquet in 
1743 has never been out of the family and has come to 
be regarded as one of the fixtures of Haverhill. It has 
remained in its present location, No. 20 Main Street, 
for sixty years. The present building was erected by 
C. B. LeBosquet, }r., in 1861. LeBosquet Brothers car- 
ry on a general stove, plumbing, furnace, and steam heat- 

i n g b u s i - 
ness. They 
m a n u fa c - 
ture a low 



p r e s s u r e 
steam heat- 
ing appara- 
tus, which 
h a s b e e n 
successfully 
i n trod need 
into a large 
number of 
stores, pub- 
lic b u i 1 d- 
i n g s , an d 

private residences, and which has given great satisfac- 
tion. In this branch they are wholesalers and retailers, 
with an office at No. 82 Union Street in Boston. They 
are agents for the Hub range, and for the Adams and 
Wcstlake non-explosive oil stoves, and carry on a large 
business in gas fixtures and minor articles of trade. 

They devote especial care to plumbing, employing 
only the most expert workmen. 




238 



TT^e Acaderriy of Music, 

Of which J. F. West is the lessee and manager, 
and A. A. [ngersoll treasurer, was erected in 1883, an d 
opened to the. public on Wednesda} evening, Septem- 
ber 17, 1885, the opening attraction being the Bos- 
ton Symphony Orchestra, and an address by Prof. |. 
\V. Churchill of Andover. On the afternoon of [uly 7. 
[888, it was totally destroyed by fire. The work of 
rebuilding was commenced at once, and in seventeen 
weeks, on Monday evening, November [2, [888, it was 
rededicated by the Redmund and I'.arrx Dramatic 
Company, who appeared in " Herminie, or the Cros 
Gold." In rebuilding, many improvements and altera- 
tions were made, making it one of the best appointed 
theaters in New England. The seating capacity is 
1600: proscenium opening, height |i feet, width 1 ;; 
feet; depth of stage, 40 feet: width wall to wall 
feet; height to fly gallery, 2b feet; width between fly 
rails, 42 feet; height to rigging loft 55 feet; heighl <>\' 
grooves 20 feet. There are three working drops, and 
thirteen sets of scenery, painted by the well known 
scenic artist. L. \V. Sear)', of New York. 

'The theater is admirably situated, securing eleven 
exits opening into lour streets, the largest audience being 
able to pass out in three minutes. 

'Ten months oi the \ ear the theater i- open, pre- 
senting in rapid succession all the leading attraction-. 
consisting of tin- New York and Boston su< . the 

leading stars, the greal spectacular dramas. Music is 
not neglected, operas, both the grand and comic, often 
appearing, the management being always desirous to 
cater to all the tastes oi the amusement loving public. 

239 



Geo. H. Carletori arid Coiripariy, 

The house of George H. Carleton and Company 
was established in 1868, under the style of Johnson and 
Carleton, for the manufacture of ladies' calf and buff 
shoes. In 1878, Mr. Johnson withdrew from the firm, 
leaving the business to be continued by Mr. Carleton 

at the old stand. 

In 1880 he re- 
moved to his new 
factory. No. 72 
W i n g a t e Street, 
w h e r e h e w a s 
burned out in the 
great fire of Feb- 
rnary 17, 1882. 
The factory was 
immediately re- 
built and occupied 
i n July of that 
y e a r. I n 1884 
George B. Case 
became a member 
of the house, 
which, under the name of George H. Carleton and 
Company, has continued the manufacture of ladies" calf 
unlined and buff shoes for Southern and Western trade 
to the present time. 

This house has always been careful to keep up the 
quality of its goods, rarely losing a customer, has 
built up a large and increasing trade, and maintains an 
excellent reputation as one of Haverhill's representa- 
tive firms. 







240 



John McMillan. 



John McMillan came to Haverhill from Boston in 
March, [885, and opened an establishment on the upper 
floor of the Academy of Music. He commenced in 
an humble way, employing three hands and doing but 
little business. lie paid strict attention to his work, 
however, and gradually increased his force, until at the 
present time he gives constanl employment to seventeen 
hands while his business has grown to very large pro- 
portions. His first quarters soon grew too narrow, and 




he was obliged to move his show and cutting room- to 
the lower story, still retaining his former rooms as 
work-rooms. I lis present parlors are among the fines! 
in the state, while he carries a full line of cloths Mich as 
are usually sold by the best merchant tailors. Mr. 
McMillan is a good example of his fellow-craftsmen 
in the citv.and his success in establishing so large a busi- 
ness so soon testifies to the character of his w oik. 



-I' 



7Y\e Haverhill Hat Conqpariy^ 



The Haverhill Hat Company was incorporated in 
[871, having a paid up capital of fifty thousand dollars, 
with Eben Mitchell as president and Charles Butters 
treasurer. At the present time and lor the last decade 
the factor}' has been running exclusively on orders. 

Y\ nile our predecessors were successful manufac- 
turers, the goods made by them would have but small 

sales to-day. 
Some four or 
five colors and 
perhaps twenty 
or thirty styles 
were all that was 
then required. 
Now twenty or 
more colors and 
two hundred and 
fifty different 
styles are made 
up for every sale. 
The Haverhill 
Hat Company have a wide reputation for their superior 
colors, acknowledged by dealers to be excelled by no 
other manufacturer. A specialty during the months of 
summer and autumn is a line of ladies' and misses' felts. 
The goods are so well known In' the millinery trade 
throughout the country that the demand is always 
greater then the supply. In the office of the company 
hangs the certificate awarded by the International Ex- 
hibition at Philadelphia in [876. 




242 



Th|ree Taylors 




Above is presented a view <>l the interior of the 
clothing house of Three Taylors, 73 and 75 Merrimack 
Street. The business of this firm, firsl established 
nearly a half century ago by the now senior member 
of the firm, the lion. Levi Taylor, has constant!} grown. 
From time to time small stores have been given up and 
larger ones taken to meet the increasing demand for 
well made clothing, until they now occupy one ol the 
largest stores in Essex Countv, containing about 
thousand feet of floor room. Persons visiting the city 
should not fail to look through this establishment, where 
may be found a large assortment ol gentlemen's cloth- 
ing and furnishing goods, suited to the various seasons 
of our climate and in sizes from the small boys 1 suit up 
to that which will tit the extra stout and tall man. 



H3 



Gardner Brothers, 



In 1869 Gardner Brothers (E. W. and S. P. Gardner) 
began the manufacture of ladies' serge shoes in a fac- 
tory on Washington Square, succeeding the firm of J. 
Gardner and Sons, which had been in business in Haver- 
hill since 1845. The firm name is unchanged, though 
Mr. E. W. Gardner has been succeeded by Mr. John 
II. Thomas, who had been tor twenty years superinten- 
dent of the factory. 

Six years ago 
the firm built a 
large and commo- 
dious factory, Nos. 
38-44 Granite 
Street, to which 
the business was 
removed, and here 
all of the manufac- 
turing is now done, 
a part ol" which, 
after the fashion of 
other days, was 
once done in the 
country. Gardner 
Brothers employ about a hundred and fifty hands, and 
make annually about a quarter of a million pairs of 
shoes, — men's calf and buff buttons, balmorals, and 
congress, ladies' kid, Dongola, glove grain, buttons and 
Polish. They manufacture medium grades, all for the 
Southern and Southwestern trade, which command a 
ready and constant sale. The Boston office is at No. 
115 Summer Street. 




244 



w. 



B, T\]orr\ and Corripany, 



Among the important industries of the city, and 
second only to the shoe business, is the manufacture of 
hats, of which the extensive factory of \\\ B. Thorn 
and Company is the largest. The plant is situated on 
River Street, a few hundred yards wesl of the Bo 
and Maine Railway station, occupying a lot of two hun- 
dred and eighty feet front and running hack to the river. 
The plant now comprises five buildings, containing col- 




lectively about 32,000 feel <>f floors, engine-house, 
boiler-house, store-houses, etc. 

The capacity of the original factory was about 
seventy dozen wool hats per day. The present plant, 
when in full operation, can turnout four hundred dt 
per da\, of every variety of fur and wool hats, for men's, 
ladies', and children's wear. They employ about five 
hundred hands when in full operation, with a pay-roll 
of nearly five thousand dollars per week. 



-15 



r. S. RuddocK arid Son, 



The senioi member ol the firm, Mr. Thomas St 
Ruddock, began in [858 in Wesl Newbury, five miles 
from Haverhill, the manufacture oi men's and women's 
machine and women's hand sewed slippers, [n the 
spring ol i88j his factors was burned and he came to 
Haverhill, establishing himseli here .11 23 and 25 Essex 
Street, In the fall of thai year he associated with him- 
selt Ins son, Mr. Austin E. Ruddock, under the name ol 
T. S. Ruddock and Sun. 

A.fler coming to Haverhill the business caught the 
impetus ol us surroundings and grew apace, so thai in 
October, 1888, the firm moved again, this time to [30 
Washington Street, in order to obtain more room. 
This facton already, in less than i\ year, has proved too 
small, and 11 is now in contemplation to add another 
stor) to accommodate increased demands, although the 
firm's facilities were greatly enlarged and increased by 
the change. 

Ruddock and Son manufacture men's, women's, 
and misses' hand and machine sewed shoes and slip- 
pers, They are sold exclusively to the jobbing trade, 
and find a markel in all pans ol the country, in New 
England .is well .is in the South and West. 

The long experience ol the senior partner in the 
manufacture ol shoes, extending over thirty years, has 
amply qualified him for the successful managemenl ol 
a large business, His son has grown up with it. and 
the firm, with the present enlarged facilities and the 
prospeel ^\ more, lacks nothing, apparently, needed for 
e\ en a more successful continuance. The firm's Bos- 
ton office is at 1 i- Summer Street. 



-'I<> 



Hazen B. Goodrich and Corn;. 



This firm began '. 

W. . - -i Street, thi 

some years a member ol 
tablished firm of Goodrich and \' 
partner. Mr. Frank J. Brad 
tirm in Jul;. . 

I i >drich and Company man 
women"- hand turned button 
a Goodyear welt, exel 
a large and varied line of me: 
slippers for the fin 1 trade. I 

ture a patented . .vhieh is a hand turne< 

an extension edge that 
sewed -.hoe. Th< e - includ 
ooze calf, iush, embr< 

They o 
lighted, fitted with all the conveniens the 

modern method oe manufacturing, and the 

ire thus u: 
prod . which ha\ 

unequalled excelle -mplete 

and wearing qualities. They find ly mark 

section-, of the country iron, ! I 
a la: _ 

:y the reputation which Haverhill 
the manufacture of tl. 

M j the m 

selling of th 

with the trade 






First National Bar^ 



Was organized as the Union Bank in 1849 with a 
capital of $100,000, increased in 1885 to $150,000, and 
in 1857 to $200,000. It was re-organized in 1864 as 
the First National Bank, and in 1S70 a stock dividend 
of 25 per cent was declared and its capital increased to 
$300,000. Its surplus fund is $120,000, and its un- 
divided profits 



4- 



iiiiilll 



$20,458. Its' 
aim, to supply 
the wants of 
the business 
men of Haver- 
hill, as demon- 
strated by the 
increase oi 
capital as oc- 
casion requir- 
ed, is still the 
policy of the 
present man- 
agement. Its 

officers are: President, George Cogswell; cashier, E. G. 
Wood; directors, George Cogswell, Levi Taylor, 
Samuel Laubham, R. Stuart Chase, S. Porter Gardner, 
Charles C. Griffin, S. H. Gale, James H. Durgin, E. G. 
Wood. 

For many years the bank was located on Merri- 
mack Street, but with the growth of the city westward, 
a site was purchased on Washington Street and a sub- 
stantial brick building erected, in which the bank occu- 
pies handsomely furnished rooms. 

248 




G. W. PettengiU. 



Although the character of a place like Haverhill 
has suffered marked changes in the course of years, and 
although the village which was once the market place 
for a wide circuit <>l surrounding country has now 
many rivals that divide its commerce, yel some of its 
characteristics remain unchanged .and it is still a 
natural center for trade and exchange in agricultural 
products, though many of these at the presenl time are 
imported from a distance, instead of being grown, as 
was the custom formerly, in the immediate vicinity of 
I Ia\ erhill. 

Conspicuous among the large dealers in haw all 
sorts of grain, and straw, is Mr. G. W. PettengiU, who 
succeeded in July, [884, to a business pursued by Mr. 
E. G. Cheney, and whose place of business is at \ 
34 and 36 Fleet Street, at what is known as the "old 
Ilunkins stand," where for main years back a lively 
trade in hay and grain has been carried on. On this 
spot Mr. PettengiU has remained, continuing the old 
traditions, doing a large business, averaging over sixty 
thousand dollars' worth a year, more than three' times 
its volume during the first year, and steadily increasing. 
His hay he ships from Maine, New Hampshire, and 
Canada; his grain he brings from the West; his straw 
from New York state. He uses weekly a car-load of 
oats and of meal, more than a car-load a week ol hay 
and straw, and a car-load ol' corn every two or three 
weeks. 

Mr. PettengiU is a Haverhill man born ami bred, 
popular, energetic, ambitious, and deserves the suc< 
he has attained. 



249 



TY\e Pt)oer]ix Drug Store, 

Of which Messrs. Frank E. Pollard and Frank E. 
Watson are proprietors, had its origin in the fall of 
1879, when it was rather sneeringly remarked that 
some insane persons were to open a drug store at the 
corner of Washington Street and Washington Square, 
with predictions not very flattering to the young men 
who were undertaking the enterprise. The}* were 
meeting with success, however, when the great fire of 
the spring of 1882 swept away their store and stock. 
The store was rebuilt, however, and its present name, 
"The Phoenix Drug Store," arose from that event. 

The retail department is located on the corner of 
Haverhill's main business thoroughfare, in a large, 
commodious, and well lighted store. Special attention 
is paid to the courteous reception of trade. 

To the strict attention and personal supervision 
exercised in the prescription department has been due 
the marked increase in this branch, which now requires 
the attention of three experienced pharmacists. The 
soda and mineral water business has been developed to 
its present condition by their efforts, the)* being the first 
to introduce the Saratoga mineral waters here. 

Dermicure, a lotion for the skin, and the Eastern 
Milk Remedy, known to be successful in the treatment 
of rheumatism, are manufactured by this firm. The)* 
also manufacture fruit juices for soda fountain use by 
their own peculiar method, which they hold as a secret. 
These juices, orange in particular, have a reputation 
that sells them in nearly all parts of the United States. 
Their laboratory contains the newest machinery and 
employs the most approved methods. 

250 



Hunkins and Wildes. 



It is characteristic of Haverhill, and of Haverhill's 
methods and business, that no man need feel that he 
must fail in life for lack of an opportunity or on account 
of his youth. No avenue of success is shut to him for 
these reasons, and, therefore, the enormous agTsregate 
output of boots and shoes annually sent out from 
Haverhill is not the product of one or several gigantic 
factories or large corporations, but represents a total of 
goods made bv several hundred firms, larger and 
smaller, whose number is every now and then incre; 
by men of experience who have decided to leave the 
factories of others and strike out for themselves. 

Such firms as that of Hunkins and Wildes, though 
each member had been in business for himselt before 
this partnership was formed, represent this tendency in 
Haverhill's chief business. 

Familiar from youth with the manufacture of shoes, 
both bring to this comparatively recent association the 
qualifications for success in long ac quaintance with manu- 
facturing processes, and a personal skill in using them. 
The senior partner, Mr. Warren C. Hunkins, had been 
for some years a member of the firm of J. B. Swett's 
Sons, while the junior member, Mr. E.J. Wildes, had 
been in business alone since [883. 

They formed the present partnership in October, 
[888, and established themselves at 25 and j; Railroad 
Square. They make a general line of men's, woiru 
and boys' fine and medium hand sewed shoes and slip- 
pers, making a specialty of hand sewed goods and of 
hand work in distinction from machine work. They 
are constantly adding new styles and combinatii 

-5' 



Charles Emerson arid Sons. 

It is not unreasonable to suppose that tin: character- 
istics of a city's stores represent, in part at least, the 
characteristics of its inhabitants, and it is with pride, 
therefore, that Haverhill's citizens reflect that in Emer- 
son's Bazaar they possess probably the finest store of 
the sort in New England and that they can find in its 
stock anything adapted to their varied tastes that could 
be got in a metropolitan establishment. 




The firm deals in china and all soils ot ware, — u;lass, 
earthen, silver-plated, in cutlery and kerosene goods, in 
fancy articles and toys, and housekeeping utensils in 
general. They are in direct connection with the large 
potters of the Old World — llaviland, Wedgwood, 
Minton, Copeland — and there is no sort of ware, Amer- 
ican or foreign, that they do not have in stock, or can 
not furnish at short notice-. 

They do a very large importing and jobbing busi- 
ness in addition to their extensive retail trade. 



252 



Sdnnrier and Chandler. 

Among the most enterprising and ; 
the many live firms connected with the sh< 

leather trade, this firm occupies a high rank in the 
business world. 

The partners, James S. Sumner and Charles W. 
Chandler, are men of extended and 

in the leather trade and manufacture of b< tock 

for boots and sho< 

The firm as at present constituted began 
two years air", since which time their energy and 
terprise have borne the fruit of a steady growth in * 
business, which now takes rank among the mo- 
si ve in their line: and their present factory, th<>u<_ r h 
double the size of the one occupied one year 
crowded to its full capacity, and the firm are already 
contemplating a -till larger increase of facilities in the 
near future. 

Tlie firm's specialty is the manufacture of a full 
line of bottom stock for boots and sho< . the 

product of the factory is meeting with much I. 
wherever boots and shoes are made. They are the 
only concern in the city manufacturing line moulded 
counter-: in i: . in many other things, the} show 
their quick appreciation of the nee the homi 

well as foreign trade. The thorough practical trail 
of the members f the firm is shown ; 
ment of their factory. This fact, coupled v died 

employees, improved machinery, and tl 
materia', s a product which 

and which meets with favor in tin 



their incre. les. 






Fred. W. Pea body. 



Mr. Peabody started in business as a music dealer 
in a small way on Water Street lour years ago, but 
shortly afterwards boughl out Mr. Orin W. Tasker's 
old stand at 208 Merrimack Street, which w r as the 
oldest, largest, and best stand in the city, the store 
having been built by Mr. Taskcr expressly lor the 
music business. 




Mr. Peabody buys and sells musical instruments, on 
the instalment plan when desired, exchanges them, 
and repairs them at short notice. Being a musician 
and a teacher of music, he is well fitted to select good 
instruments, lie is the exclusive agent for the William 
Bourne and the A. B. Chase pianos, and also has the 
largest and best assortment of small instruments in the 
city. 



2 54 



F, N, Livingston arid Connpany. 

It is a characteristic of Haverhill's chief industry, 
and not its leasl fortunate one, thai it is shared by a 
large number of active and energetic nun, often with 
but moderate capital, and. also, thai it naturally sur- 
rounds itself with differenl forms of manufacturing 
industry, more or less closely related to the main busi- 
ness. 

Among the firms actively engaged in one of these 
subdivisions of shocmaking is thai of F. X. Livingston 
and Company, a wide-awake, enterprising concern, 
which manufactures top-lifting, and sole-leather and belt- 
ing heels, making a specialty of their shanks for ladies* 
turned hoots, and moulded heels. 'Idle senior partner 
is Mr. Frank X. Livingston, who. alter sixteen years' 
experience with the well known firm of Goodrich and 
Porter, started in business lor himself some tour years 
ago, hiring a corner of a small room at three dollars a 
month, doing all of his own work. The increase of 
the business has, however, necessitated the enlarge- 
ment of the firm, the junior partner. Mr. George I. 
Leighton, having been a member about a year. 

'ldie business which tour years ago needed but one 
corner of a room now demands accommodations in 
marked contrast, and the firm is now located at No. i _• 
Porter Place, where they keep ten men in constant 
employment. They dispose ol the greater part of the 
product of their factory oul of town, selling largel} to 
customers in New York state and in the distant \\ 
Having met with such marked success as to double 
their business in the- past six months, they mean to 
double it again in the next six. 



J. F. ar\d E, J. DoriatjUe. 

The firm of J. F. and E. J. Donahue is one of the 
firms of young and enterprising business men, neither 
being as yet thirty years old. The senior member, 
John F., has been identified with the leather business 
for the last fifteen years, having been employed by the 
late Otis W. Butters and other prominent dealers. 
Edward J., the junior member, has been connected 
with him about a year, the co-partnership being formed 
June i, 1888. Their place of business is at 30 Win- 
gate Street. The}' manufacture men's and women's 
out-soles, hand-sewed in-soles, in-soles for Goodyear 
welts, and all kinds for boots and shoes. They make a 
specialty of children's out-soles for turned work, coun- 
ters for turned work and moulding, taps, shanks, etc. 

By industry and strict attention to details, this firm 
have steadily increased their trade, employing a number 
of hands and doing an extensive business. In tact the 
increase has been so great that additional room will be 
required before long. 

They take great care in preparing their goods and 
use only leather of best Union tanneries. 

Their machines are all of the latest patterns and 
best makes, and they spare no expense to produce first 
class goods. 

They fill orders in the shortest possible time and 
guarantee satisfaction in every instance. 

This firm's success in the leather trade affords still 
another illustration of what youth, when combined 
with business sagacity, strict industry, and an honor- 
able reputation among business men, can accomplish in 
Haverhill, even in a comparatively brief space of time. 

2s6 



Nason and Tuck, 

Messrs. William Nason and William O. Tuck 
started in the shoe business in August, [888, and, 
although young men now, they have both been identi- 
fied with the business interests of the city for thirteen 
years or more, Mr. Nason as a partner in the oldest 
and largesl firm of shot.' supplies, and Mr. Tuck as a 
partner in the largest retail grocery in the city. 

They manufacture women's, misses', and children's 
hand sewed slippers, and get out one of the finest lines 
for t h e New 
E n g 1 a n d, 
Western, and 
Southern job- 
b i n g t r a d e, 
using, in the 
m anufacture 
ol these goods, 
large quanti- 
ties of kid. 
at 49 and 51 Wingate Street, one of the principal si: 
in the city, is a brick building, four stories high, 
with the best of light and power. Office and salesroom 
on the ground floor, also an office 105 Summer Street. 
Boston. 

Although Messrs. Nason and Tuck have been in 
the shoe business but a year, they have the energy and 
determination to be one of the leading shoe firms ol the 
city. Their first year's business has been one of satisfac- 
tion to themselves, and they trust also to their many 
customers, as they are men believing whatever they 
sell, that should they give. 




I )( mg( 'la. goat, 
oo/.e calf, and 
g love calf 
stock, and 
give employ- 
m ent to a 
large number 
of hands. 

Their fac- 
tory, situated 



257 



L. C. Wadleigh arid Sons. 



Among the essentials to the manufacture of boots 
and shoes are good and well fitting lasts, and these 
have been supplied to Haverhill for almost half a cen- 
tury by the above firm, which was established by the 
senior partner in 1841. Mr. Wadleigh began business 
on Mill Street, at the very opposite end of the city 
from what is now the business center. He soon re- 
moved to Stage Street, however, and afterwards to 
Mechanics' Court, where he did business many years. 
When the new Odd Fellows' Building was erected on 
Main Street, the firm, now L. C. Wadleigh and Son, 
removed to Washington Street, occupying a building 
on the site of J. H. Winchell and Company's factory, 
being one of the pioneers in the movement up town. 

In 1879, being in need of larger quarters, they 
leased the Kimball morocco factory, and took in the 
junior member of the firm. Burned out in the fire of 
1882, they obtained their present quarters on Granite 
Street, which are entirely inadequate for their business; 
and, when the lease of this building expires, they will 
probably erect a suitable structure on the Flanders es- 
tate, which the young men have recently bought for 
the purpose. The firm enjoys a good reputation at 
home and abroad, having an extensive trade outside of 
Haverhill. They deal largely, also, in last blocks, of 
which they have always on hand a large stock, not 
only in this city, where they have several store houses, 
but in various parts of the country, stored for season- 
ing. This is an important part of successful last-mak- 
ing, as good lasts require well seasoned timber. 

258 



Charles H. Cox. 

Mr. C. II. Cox, wholesale and retail dealer in Hour. 
grain, hay, and straw, at 19 Essex Street, and the 
proprietor of an elevator and mill in Bradford, near 
Haverhill Bridge, began business in [880 in a small 
way. Since then, however, the enterprise has been 
attended with a steady and vigorous growth. One 
team and one man were then sufficient tor a business 
that now gives constant employment to six horses and 
fifteen men. 

The elevator and 
mill, one of the best 
equipped in the state, 
is about one hundred 
feet long, forty feet 
wide, a n d t h r e e 
stories hi^h, and has Em 
a capacity ot about Qgjgf 
sixty thousand bush- 
els ot" grain in bulk, 
and twenty-five hun- 
dred tons of sacked 



grain and flour. 

has been refitted by 

Mr. Cox with the most approved modern machinery at 

a cost of about tour thousand dollars. 

Mr. Cox handled last year about one thousand car- 
loads of hay, grain, and flour, besides the hundreds «»t 
car-loads of meal. His membership of the Boston 
Board of Trade enables him to buy his -rain direct 
from the West, the to twenty-live car-loads at a time, 
and thus make the lowest prices. 




259 



J. Fred. fldarr}S. 



For a city with the extensive business interests that 
Haverhill has, and its past experience, the matter of 
fire insurance is an important consideration with its 
business men. Mr. J. Fred. Adams has been engaged 
in this business for the past ten years, commencing 
while with the Haverhill Savings Bank and so continu- 
ing until last April, when he retired from that institu- 
tion and established himself in convenient and com- 
fortable offices in the Daggett Building, Merrimack 
Street, Rooms 12 and 13. lie represents the following 
standard companies: — 

London Assurance Corporation of London, En- 
gland; Firemen's Insurance Company of Dayton, Ohio; 
Long Island Insurance Company of Brooklyn, N. Y.; 
New York Fire Insurance Company of New York; 
American Insurance Company of Boston; and the 
Worcester Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts. 

In the life and accident branches of the business he 
has in the agency the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance 
Company of Newark, N. J., and the Standard Accident 
Insurance Company of Detroit, Mich., and aims to give 
the -best satisfaction to his patrons. 

His past experience warrants his offering his ser- 
vices to those desiring assistance in making invest- 
ments, or that feel the need of a practical accountant or 
auditor. 

Western mortgages arc largely invested in here, 
and to those desiring such securities he can offer the 7 
per cent guaranteed loans of the Vermont Loan and 
Trust Company, one of the best of its class. 

260 



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